What role has human activity played in causing climate change?

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Recently, more and more people have questions about climate change and what causes can affect it. The reason of that are affected by both nature events and human actives. According to the World Meteorological Organization ¡§climate is the average weather, including seasonal extremes variations, either locally, regionally, or across the globe¡¨. The differences between weather and climate is that weather can change fast from day by day, but the climate changes very slow. Deforestation, various agricultural, and industrial practices are all effect concentration the greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases may be define several gases which can produced by nature and human actives such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone. They can effect the increase in the temperature of the earth¡¦s atmosphere. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the role and process of human activity played in causing climate changes.


Carbon dioxide is the biggest amount of the green house gases, were increasing by 0% over the last 00 years. It caused by changes in land use (deforestation) ,also burning coal, oil, and natural gas such as in some automobiles, industry. If this situation continuing, the amount of Carbon dioxide will be double during 1st century and the other greenhouse gases will increase too. According to the World Meteorological Organization 000 ¡§the rise of globally averaged surface temperature relative to 11 is 1 to .5 degrees by the year100,and will continue to increase. Because most greenhouse gases will stay for a long time.¡¨ Clearing land for logging, ranching, and agriculture also caused the carbon dioxide, although a little amount of that, for the long term, about 0% carbon dioxide came from the land use changes.


As a contributor to climate change, methane (natural gas) is the second of the important of the greenhouse gases by human activities. It is come from rice cultivation, cattle and sheep ranching. Human activities has contribute 145% above it naturally present . According to the U. S Environmental Protect Agency over the last two centuries, methane concentrations in the atmosphere have more than doubled, because of human activities. Chlorofluorocarbons used in air conditioning and refrigeration. Although it is a small amount of the greenhouse gases, if people still unconcern about it ,the risks will rise.¡§Ozone in the troposphere, that is the lower part of the atmosphere, is another important greenhouse gases from industrial.¡¨ (United Nations Environment Programme World Meteorological Organization 000 ) It is come from both nature and human actives ,for example motor vehicle and power plants. Thus Ozone is the important gas which increase the greenhouse effect.


In conclusion, climate changes was the natural effect in the past, but recently it was changed rapidly. The reason of that is the human activities such as burning coal, oil and automobile (increase a lot recently ), industry, and electricity generation, they contribute huge amount greenhouse gases which effect the climate changes. So people have to concentre of greenhouse gases and climate changes and find the solutions to solve them. United Nations Environment Programme World Meteorological Organization 000





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Software Quality Principles

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16CIT - Software Quality Principles


Semester � 00


Assignment � Strategic Action Plan


Due 5.00 pm, 5 October 00





Team Members


Billy Bloggs Student Id 1456


Jane Doe Student Id 4567





Contents


1. Introduction 4


1.1. Purpose 4


1.. Acronyms 4


1.. Reference 4


. Overview 5


. Executive Summary 6


4. Business Case for SPI Initiative 7


4.1. Business Rationale 7


4.. Guiding Principles 7


5. Process Improvement Goals


5.1. Short-Term Goals


5.. Long-Term Goals


6. Assumptions, Risks and Barriers 10


6.1. Assumptions 10


6.. Risks 11


6.. Barriers 11


6.4. Organisational Scope 1


6.5. Management Steering Committee 1


6.6. Software Process Improvement Leader 1


6.7. Software Engineering Process Group 1


6.8. Working Groups 1


6.. Process Owners 1


6.10. SPI Consultant 1


7. Criteria for Success 14


Configuration Management Process (Edward) 14


Quality Assurance Process 14


Problem Resolution Process (Tony) 14


Project Management Process (Elbert) 14


Risk Management Process (Wendy) 14


8. Improvement Agenda 15


8.1. Selection of SPI Activities 15


8.. Current SPI Activities 15


8..1. Requirements Gathering 15


Current improvement efforts 15


Resources 15


Comparison with recommendations 16


8... Software Development 16


Current improvement efforts 16


Resources 16


Comparison with recommendations 16


8... Configuration Management 16


8...1. Resources 16


8.... Comparison with recommendation 17


8.. Process Improvement Roadmap 18


8..1. Process Establishment (Troy) 18


8... Problem Resolution 18


.1.1. Identify and prioritize improvement areas








1. Introduction


1.1. Purpose


This plan provides an introduction to the software process improvement (SPI) initiative for the software development projects at Superlative Software, describes the infrastructure to manage the initiative, and defines an approach for identifying and addressing the process improvement issues throughout Superlative.


1.. Acronyms


The following are acronyms used in this document.


Acronyms Definitions


CMM Capability Maturity Model


MSC Management Steering Committee


SEPG Software Engineering Process Group


SPI Software Process Improvement


1.. Reference


. Overview


Superlative Software is a medium-sized software development company targeting on development of network management software in telecommunications industry.


Currently, Superlative Software is undertaking joint commercialisation projects with Telstra. Under the substantial constraints on delivery time, Superlative Software has adopted a 0-day release cycle for relevant products. There is a significant focus on the business needs and timeframes of the customers. This has led to a change on the role of engineering personnel, who now have more direct contact with the customers. Robustness, reliability and scaleability of the software are paramount.


………


……..


……..


Software Quality Assessments Pty Ltd conducted the assessment; the site visit was held on Friday 1 September 00. The assessment team comprised John Terwilliger (as Team Leader) and Bernadette Twigg.


Sponsor


The owner of the assessment is a management role within the organization that has the authority to ensure that the assessment can be carried out effectively, and takes ownership of the assessment output.


qualified assessor John Terwilliger





. Executive Summary


This strategic action plan is intended to integrate all software process improvement activities within Superlative Software. It describes the goals, motivation for improving, the commitment required by various parties, the assumptions that are being made, the overall process to be applied in managing this initiative, and the infrastructure required to facilitate the initiative.


This document serves as the project plan for the SPI initiative, indicating an overall agenda, roles and responsibilities, assumptions and risks, key tasks, success criteria, key milestones, and how this initiative will evolve over multiple iterations of the continuous improvement cycle. A separate detailed schedule will be developed and used to manage the SPI initiative.


Management commitment to this effort is a critical success factor. Evidence of commitment includes


- allocating appropriate and adequate resources;


- setting realistic expectations and expecting accountability for realistic results;


- providing clear, consistent, and public communications about the importance of the SPI initiative and the progress that is being made;


- providing rewards and recognition for those exhibiting the desired process improvement related behaviour;


- defending software engineering based process discipline as the way that software development will be done in Superlative Software;


Software engineers should be both permitted and expected to follow sound software engineering principles and practices to meet their project expectations.


- What are our goals for the SPI program?


- What is our motivation to improve?


- What assumptions are we making?


- Who are the players?


- How will we measure successes?


- How will we continue to improve?





4. Business Case for SPI Initiative


4.1. Business Rationale


In recent years, Superlative software has been under significant resource pressure, reflecting pressures within the industry generally. The concern was driven by the need to significantly improve productivity to meet the business objectives of the new company strategy.


Therefore, the business motivation of the improvement process is to achieve the following


· cycle time reduction


· quality improvements in the delivered products


· improved schedule performance because of more realistic estimates and reduced feature creep


· reduced internal rework and wasted effort


· reduced staff turnover and increased morale


· the ability to facilitate movement of people from one project to another because of common software development practices.


From glenn


· Increased system productivity and therefore efficiency.


· Maintenance or improved quality control.


· Make special allowance for risks relating to the substantial delivery time and significant improvement in productivity which contain safety-critical elements.


This can most effectively be done by addressing the following areas that a dealt with within this report


· Better documentation methods throughout projects so data can be collected, processed, stored, and hopefully learnt from for developments of future projects.


· Improved schedule performance because of more accurate estimates based on collected historical data and better management of feature creep.


· Cycle time reduction, through better and more accurate time management. This requires better time management techniques through the use of predefined methods that can be implemented and designed by reviewing past projects, which should lead to less reduced internal rework and wasted effort.


· Put in place overall processes for problem resolution to be clearly followed across projects, with the approach relying upon a predefined structured risk management plan.


· Development of formal criteria for customer acceptance of developed products needs to be developed according to a standard.


Better ability to facilitate movement of people from one project to another through the application of uniform software development practices and guidelines.


From Elbert


· Reduce software development and maintenance cost is to avoid any reworks throughout the development procedures. (Case study)


· Improves customer satisfaction. It is because the customer satisfaction is the only way of improving company image. Because no customer is happy with a product that contains many problems. (Case study)


· Improves professional staff. This process is developing to improve employee moral, and increase the confidence of developers or programmers. The advantage of this process is to ensure that less overtime, less employee turnover, and improving competitive edge. (Case study)


· Quality must build in to products.


Therefore, the process improvement shall have an effective process that helps Superlative produce the right product and helps company determine what the company needs.


Quality is another issues that needed to be addressed. This process should provide a very clear message to developers and users that all the respect functions should function correctly with respect to the characteristics of software. In other words, quality can also be addressed as part of the software quality requirements. The software quality requirements must be clearly stated and it cannot be misunderstood throughout the software process improvements. These software quality requirements are including


· Performance quality it is usually regard as the product fulfilling its functional specification.


· Reliability a process of measure of how often the software fail to performance as required. It is sometimes called mean time between failures.


Missing [Any projection of benefits to be obtained should be supported by references to pertinent literature, and caveats about the conditions that must exist for the projected results to be achieved.


The needs and business goals of an organization are often centred around achieving enhanced customer satisfaction and greater competitiveness. For organizations with a dependence on software, these key management concerns become drivers that initiate software process improvement throughout the organization with goals of higher software quality, lower development and maintenance costs, shorter time to market, and increased predictability and controllability of software products and processes


4.. Guiding Principles


The guiding principles for the SPI effort or the SEPG are followings


· The SPI initiative is intended to address business, technical, project management, and quality of life issues that are worth improving. The organization should be able to explain to stakeholders why a proposed activity or deliverable is important.


· Process oriented work products must be concise, must add value, and must be usable. There is no intent to produce reams of documentation.


· The appropriate mindset for process change is to understand “what’s in it for us” as a project team, an organization, or a company and its customers, not just what’s in it for any individual.


· The initiative will emphasize the importance of leveraging existing examples and templates. The organization must avoid the “not invented here” syndrome, choosing instead to borrow, buy, or adapt appropriate artifacts (Is it architect?) that already exist.





5. Process Improvement Goals


5.1. Short-Term Goals


Requirements Elicitation Process Goals


1. Formal requirements baseline will be established


Software Development Process Goals


. Formal criteria for customer acceptance of all developed products will be defined.


. Standards for different work products will be consistent


Configuration Management Process Goals


4. Product baseline definition at different stages of the life cycle will be applied


5. There will be consistency in the quality of release notes for products developed.


6. Specific plans for configuration management will be defined


7. Tools supporting full life cycle control of configurations will be deployed within the unit


8. Full configuration management will be applied to all documentation


. Responsibilities of team players involved and authority between them will be defined.


10. Process will be managed to successfully meet the process objectives.


11. Work products will be appropriately documented, controlled, and verified. This will include


· Defining work product requirements


· Defining requirements for documentation and control of work products


· Identifying dependencies among controlled work products


· Identifying and documenting work products and controlling changes


· Verifying and adjusting work products to meet the defined requirements


Problem Resolution Goals


1. A process for problem resolution will be established.


1. The problem resolution activities will be identified


14. A mechanism for recognising and acting on trends in problems identified will be provided


15. A mechanism to improve the problem resolution process will be provided


16. Responsibilities of team players involved and authority between them will be defined.


17. Process will be managed to successfully meet the process objectives.


18. Work products will be appropriately documented, controlled, and verified. This will include


· Defining work product requirements


· Defining requirements for documentation and control of work products


· Identifying dependencies among controlled work products


· Identifying and documenting work products and controlling changes


· Verifying and adjusting work products to meet the defined requirements


Project Management Goals


1. Schedule and cost estimations will be more realistic


0. There will be frequent comparisons between planned activities to actual results


1. Objectives for schedule control and overall project management will be formally documented


. Project management activities will be consistently planned


. Dependencies between different planning products will be clearly identified


4. Project management documentation will be under full configuration management


5. Key staff will have access to project management training


6. Responsibilities of team players involved and authority between them will be defined.


7. Process will be managed to successfully meet the process objectives.


8. Work products will be appropriately documented, controlled, and verified. This will include


· Defining work product requirements


· Defining requirements for documentation and control of work products


· Identifying dependencies among controlled work products


· Identifying and documenting work products and controlling changes


· Verifying and adjusting work products to meet the defined requirements


Risk Management Goals


. A process to collect data in order to monitor risks, or assess the performance of the risk management process will be defined


0. The scope of risk management to be performed for the project will be determined


1. Appropriate risk management strategies will be defined and implemented


. Risks to the project will be identified in the project plan in the beginning and as they develop during the conduct of the project.


. Risks will be analysed and prioritised


4. Activities associated with managing risks, including formal prioritisation of risks will be in the project plan


5. Responsibilities of team players involved and authority between them will be defined.


6. Process will be managed to successfully meet the process objectives.


7. Work products will be appropriately documented, controlled, and verified. This will include


· Defining work product requirements.


· Defining requirements for documentation and control of work products.


· Identifying dependencies among controlled work products.


· Identifying and documenting work products and controlling changes.


· Verifying and adjusting work products to meet the defined requirem





6. Assumptions, Risks and Barriers


This section addresses assumptions underlying the motivations for SPI, the way SPI will be pursued, the existence of elements necessary for success, the barriers to being successful over the long term with SPI and risks inherent in the plan.


6.1. Assumptions


The followings address assumptions underlying the motivations for SPI and the way SPI will be pursued


A1. The motivations for SPI is to satisfy the business needs by improving the processes that measured by the assessment (conducted on 1th September 00). Assume that assessment can effectively reflect the problems in the current processes of the Superlative Software.


A. SPI will be initiated after agreement of the top management of the Superlative Software. The plan schedule of SPI will initiate at rd October 00.


A. SPI will initially concentrate on improving processes with the top priority.


A4. SPI will be continuously monitored over a long term; conscious effort and periodic reinforcement are required for management team.


A5. Training is required for staff with insufficient knowledge in processes improvement.


A6. Management should approve the areas for improvement, the goals and targets, and the action plan, thereby committing the organization to undertake the planned improvements. The decision should be clearly communicated to all affected staff.


A7. Measurement is used to determine effectiveness of each improve process. Recognition and reward are given for encouragement.





6.. Risks


The following are the major risks inherent in the plan


ID Risk Item P L E Mitigation Approaches Who Date Due


Risk1 The duration of the SPI is underestimated 8 8 64 Objectively measuring process performance and making decisions based on realistic metrics agreed by all parties in the organization. John Terwilliger rd October 00


Risk The commitment of middle management is low. 7 7 4 Training initiatives to ensure that senior management is committed to the costs and impact of process assessment activities and improvement actions on the projects to which they are applied. Katherine Hepbum, John Terwilliger A week before starting of each SPI item.


Risk Staff unable to adapt new processes. 5 6 5 Monitor staff performance. Review suitability of the new processes and make change if necessary. configurationmanager.John Terwilliger Contin-uous


Risk4 Key persons are unavailable to perform their tasks. 7 1 Assign persons to back up sponsor, assessors, team leader and other key persons involved. Katherine Hepbum, John Terwilliger rd October 00


P = probability of occurrence (0 to 1)


L = relative loss factor (0 to 10)


E = risk exposure = PL


6.. Barriers


Lack of communication and teamwork decreases the effectiveness and efficiency of the software process. Poor teamwork skills increase the time to perform activities with the high degree of parallel work typical of software projects. Training should be considered as a means of improving the quality and effectiveness of teamwork skills. The training can include process improvement concepts, specifically, will increase the organizations readiness for process improvement. Important concepts that should be covered include process and quality concepts, process improvement concepts, process management skills, tools and techniques for process improvement, cultural change skills and supporting skills.


Low co-operative between staffs and assessors can slow down the improvement process. Therefore, SPI will be pursued with the strong support of the top management of the organisation. Also, Process assessment concepts should be explained to all levels of the organization (from management to staff) being assessed. The assessors should fulfil the basic educational requirements and receive training to ensure having adequate skills. Untrained assessors are less likely to produce objective, consistent and reliable results on which to base a successful process improvement programme.


Barriers in the organisation include human and cultural factors. The following should be considered


- Business conflict as in conflicts between developers and client, conflict between staffs and conflict between departments.


- Personal conflict as in staffs personal conflict such as family and friends. This can affect a staffs working behaviour and hinder his/her performance.


- Degree of acceptance by individuals (Management and Staff) of Software Process Improvement efforts.


- Experience level within the organization with current processes.


- The stability of organization structure and management.


- Participation of organization members.


- Restructuring of organization may lead to staff disapproval organisation for Process Improvement.


Therefore, regular measurement on the improvement processes is necessary to determine the progress of each process. Make changes that can address the problems and bring the improve process back on the track.


Organisation for Process Improvement


Organisational Scope


The strategic action plan being developed for Superlative Software Pty Ltd encompasses principally the improvement project for Superlative Software’s software development and project management processes in order to address their current productivity issues, meet customer delivery time constraints and the expectation to “do more with less” as far as resources go. The Organizations involved in this process improvement plan are


· Software Quality Assessments Pty Ltd


· Corporate Development Manager


Management Steering Committee


The goal of the management steering committee is to indicate that process improvement is a management priority and in so doing assist the improvement process by overcoming resistance from employees within the organisation. The management steering committee will consist of the following people.


· Katherine Hepburn (Corporate Development Manager)


· Frasier Crane (Engineering Manager)


· Glenn Turner (Business Development Manager)


· John Wayne (Project Manager)


· Robin Williams (Project Manager)


· Charles Schultz (Project Manager)


· Rita Hayworth (Project Manager)


The management steering committee meets regularly once every fortnight unless there are pressing issues which require their immediate attention. Regular activities addressed by the committee include


· Risk Management


· Resource and Time constraints


· Personal Improvement Goals


· Monthly Summary from the SPI leader


· Suggestive actions.


· Assessment Reviews


· Plan approvals


· Work group chartering, monitoring, and resource assistance.


Software Process Improvement Leader


The software process improvement leader has the task of coordinating and leading the Software Process Improvement initiative.


The responsibilities of the Software Process Improvement Leader include


· Documenting the organization’s strategic action plan (this document).


· Creating a schedule identifying activities, resources, and effort.


· Tracking progress against the plan.


· Reviewing project team and working group action plans.


· Collecting status biweekly from the project teams and working groups.


· Summarizing and reporting status monthly at the MSC meeting.


· Suggesting corrective action to the MSC when actual progress deviates too far from the plans.


· Acquiring and coordinating resources for training and consulting.


Working Groups


The working group consists of a team of technicians who, produce, review, and assist with the piloting of a new software process deliverables and tools in a specific, focused improvement area. The working groups will be established by the Process owners when needed. Working group team members are expected to participate in the activities of piloting deliverables and in rollouts of new processes. Responsibility for each milestone in the SPI Roadmap will be undertaken by an employee with the necessary ability and will serve as leader for a working group to address the improvement recommendations in that milestone. These leaders will establish working groups of between and 4 others as required to evaluate the inadequacies of the current process, and collect existing artefacts from throughout the Superlative Software company, develop new process assets, conduct pilots, modify the processes and deliver the new process assets out to the affected departments/groups.


Process Owners


The process owners of the following process improvement areas have a responsibility to give feedback on the application of new processes as well as handle process change requests for the new processes themselves. Process owners also have to charter work groups, and evaluate the extent the new processes are being applied and how well they are working.


Process Owner Improvement Area Process(s) Responsible For


Frasier Crane Requirements Elicitation, Software Development


John Wayne Configuration Management, Quality Assurance


Robin Williams Problem Resolution


Charles Schultz Risk Management


Rita Hayworth Process Establishment, Project Management


SPI Consultant


The SPI consultant used for this improvement plan was the Software Quality Assessments Pty Ltd. They were responsible for conducting a rapid assessment of process capability for Superlative Software Pty Ltd. The assessment report was based on the ISO/IEC 15504-5 standard and was performed on the 16th September 00. The assessment report was generated for use as the basis for the development of this strategic action plan.


Their main responsibility are


· to propose recommendations based on current SPI activities to conduct an analysis of the current capability of the organization


7. Criteria for Success


Requirement Elicitation Process


Measurement on successful SPI initiative


Related Goals Measures for success identified


a decrease in product defects


Change activity for the allocated requirements;


Cumulative number of changes to the allocated requirements, including number of changes proposed, open, approved, and incorporated into the system baseline.


Software Development Process


Configuration Management Process (Edward)


Quality Assurance Process


Problem Resolution Process (Tony)


Project Management Process (Elbert)


Risk Management Process (Wendy)


Process Establishment (Troy)


8. Improvement Agenda


8.1. Selection of SPI Activities


This section describes the software engineering and management areas to be addressed by SPI work will be selected and prioritised. (See Appendix A)


Procedures


1. Determine organisation’s needs and business goals.


. Assess the current practices.


. Analysis & Evaluation of the assessment report.


4. Prioritised & select the SPI activities.


Lastly, priorities all the SPI activities and selects the SPI activities with agreement with top management in the company.


Prioritised SPI activities (refer to 8. Improvement roadmap)


8.. Current SPI Activities


8..1. Requirements Gathering


Current improvement efforts


Currently, a new process called “Bid Review Board” which use for review and justify for investment. The aim is to improve the understanding of the customer’s requirements through the process of bid development. The needs of the customers are monitored through regular reviews; a research function within the company ensures good awareness of new technologies relevant to key customers.


Resources


- “Bid Team” comprising Business Development, Project Management and key technical staff.


- The ATD Group.


- Customers’ feedback


Comparison with recommendations


Actions within the bid team are monitored, and the process is well institutionalized. The requirements documents follow defined standards, and are controlled and reviewed, both internally and with the customer. Measures of effort and cost relating to requirements gathering are collected, and experiences with individual projects are identified through post-project reviews. Mentoring is used as the major approach to ensure that company personnel have the skills needed for effective gathering of requirements.


How to map to RoadMap


8... Software Development


Current improvement efforts


A standard process for software development exists, and is tailored for each project. The extent and nature of tailoring depends on the expertise of the project manager rather than on specific guidelines. New approaches to the standard process are trialed when the opportunity arises. The post project review provides significant understanding of the standard process; however, the range of measures collected is limited.


Resources


- Project manager.


- Software Architect.


- A tool called “Common Tool Library”.


Comparison with recommendations


8... Configuration Management


The company currently standardizes the source code control by adopting CVS as the standard. The Project Filing System is formally documented; a defined process for using CVS has been developed and is in the course of review. No specific performance data relating to the organizational performance in configuration management is collected.


8...1. Resources


- Configuration Manager.


- CVS


8.... Comparison with recommendation





8.. Process Improvement Roadmap


The roadmap consists of several sequences of improvement areas


Process interactions


As the organization is a medium-size software development company (with staff 65). Improvement items are hardly concurrently initiated. And the schedule is based on the priority of improvement area and the size of the organization.


The first project looked initially for possible changes in the organization, and then to the establishment of a clear procedure to communicate user expectations to the development group.


The second project set out to collect the good practices from the Pinksquare project and to generalize them for transfer to other projects.


The third project hired an experienced consultant to brief them about the practical experiences in putting reviews in place within industrial organizations and to help them to identify the best way of introducing reviews within MovieViews.


Each of the improvement projects was piloted in one of the three product development projects and measurements were taken to get preliminary confirmation of the benefits derived from the selected improvement actions.


8..1. Process Establishment (Troy)


Duration months


Staff Responsible Team Leader (Market Consultant), Team Leader (Software Development), Analyst Designer, Programmer


Objective(s) Problem resolution processes to be consistently used; managed; work products produced; standardized; and deployed;


Milestones Target date Recommendations


Fully achieveProcess attribute 1.1 at Level 1 e.g ( 1 Oct 00) ?


.1 ?


. ?


.1 ?


. ?


8... Problem Resolution


Duration months


Staff Responsible Team Leader (Market Consultant), Team Leader (Software Development), Analyst Designer, Programmer


Objective(s) Problem resolution processes to be consistently used; managed; work products produced; standardized; and deployed;


Milestones Target date Recommendations


Fully achieveProcess attribute 1.1 at Level 1 ? Brief staff on the problem resolution process and need to use the formal process consistently in all projects.


.1 ? Develop a resource allocation plan based initially on historical data.? Record assigned responsibility’s in the project plan.? Include task identification statements in the project plan.? Develop schedule’s containing time estimates using historical data/trends outlined and reviewed regularly.


. ? Creation of Problem Resolution reports & reviews (escalation process review).? Develop and utilise trend analysis documents based on historical information.? Develop Mitigation/acceptance plans.


.1 ? Creation and documentation of a formal/standard process reflecting the current practices performed in the Problem Resolution process.? The validation, review, testing, and approval of the standard process and documentation.? Delivery of standardized process documentation copies to staff involved in problem resolution.


. ? The implementation of the standard Problem Resolution process throughout the organisation.? Training programs to ensure an understanding of the standardized process and to test performance levels of defined tasks.? Enforcement/Adherence checks of problem resolution work products and processes.


Risk Management


Duration months


Staff Responsible Advisory Council, project manager


Objective(s) To expand number of risk considered boundaries.Create formal risk identification measurement.Create documentation method for risk management.Document all risks identified.


Milestones Target date Recommendations


Fully achieveProcess attribute 1.1 at Level 1 e.g ( 1 Oct 00) ?? Risk identification are given from experience project manager.


.1 ?? Create risk identification measurement.?? Develop documentation method for risk management.?? Document all risks that are identified.


. ?? Apply the risk documentation method.?? Expand number of risk considered boundaries.


Configuration Management


Duration months


Project manager, Configuration manager


Objective(s) Standardise configuration management process. Software product are controlled and documented. Organisation performance in configuration management is measured.


Milestones Target date Recommendations


Fully achieveProcess attribute 1.1 at Level 1 e.g ( 1 Oct 00) ?? Configuration management is performed and monitor in all projects.


.1 ?? A CM plan is prepared for each software project according to a documented procedure.?? Documented and approved CM plan is used for CM activities.


. ?? CM activities is identified and tracked through the workbreakdown structure.?? Collect performance data to measure the perform the configuration management in the projects.?? Provide adequate resources for perform the CM activeities.


.1 ?? Standardised the CM process by adopting CVS as the standard.


. ?? Software requirements document is placed under configuration management.?? Enforcement of standard can be done by formal review of project manager.


Project Management


Duration months


Staff Responsible


Objective(s)


Milestones Target date Recommendations


Fully achieveProcess attribute 1.1 at Level 1 e.g ( 1 Oct 00)


.1


.





. Appendix A


.1.1. Identify and prioritize improvement areas


Improvement areas should be identified and prioritized based on a number of factors as outlined in figure . The factors in detail are


� The assessment output, which shows weak and strong areas of the assessed processes and process instances;


� The organizations needs, which provide general improvement goals to be achieved through the improvement programme;


� Effectiveness measures, which, if already in place, identify improvement priorities for the organization generally related to the improvement drivers;


� Industry norms and benchmarks that provide a basic comparison framework for assessment results;


� Risks related to either not achieving the stated improvement goals or failure of improvement actions.


Figure � Identifying and prioritizing the improvement areas





Please note that this sample paper on Software Quality Principles is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Software Quality Principles, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Software Quality Principles will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Patrick Roy

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Patrick Roy is an awful goalie who lacks all the basics skills of a professional athlete and Role Model. He is arragont short and uncharismatic. I strongly dislike Patrick Roy. Among the athletes who are superior to Patrick are Dick Trickle, Ozzie Newsome, Lavaar Arrington and Boyd Devereaux.


I am very happy Ptrick retired. Due to his retirement I can think of an essay topic that easily allows me to exeed the two hundred and fifty word minimum to get into this area. Without such a fluff topic to utilize I may be scrounging aroung my room for some old college paper and allow somebody to utilize it for reasons that may not be good.


Im not trying to be annoying myself by writing this. Im sure Im not the first person who did not have ready access to an essay while at the Library. This is all original content and at least Im making some sort of reasonable effort.


Even if I am being annoying Patrick Roy is far more annoying than myself. He played for an Avalanche team the exuded arrogance themselves, and has exteremely unfriendly fans.





I once went on a vacation to Denver and went to see a couple of Avs games. The first game was against San Jose. Despite playing a far inferior team, they still insisted on taunting and playing in a very intimidating manner. Of course, they won the game, but they did not win my heart.


The next game was against Detroit. The opponents of the contest were far more evenly matched. Osgood was in net for Detroit and Roy was back in net for Colorado. Roy showed his true colors as he gave up a whopping five goals to Detroit. He simply cannot play against superior competitiion. He pouted and whined to the officials following each goals, and at the conclusion of the game made no effort to congratulate Detroit on their amzing effort.


Its really to bad. Hockey could have used another Gretzky like nice guy, but instead, they had Roy the punk.


I like the Avs a lot more now that they have Abeshier in net. He is jsut as good of a goalie, though not nerarly as full of himself. That comes from the fact that many people doubt his ability to lead the team. They will see this year that he is, in fact, an outstanding net mider.


Thats all I have to say about that.


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Influence of Internet usage on youth

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Following is a question by the Hon Choy So-yuk and an oral reply by the acting Secretary for Home Affairs, Mr Arthur Ng, in the Legislative Council today (June 7)


Question


It is reported that an increasing number of adolescents are engaging in online chatting on the Internet, some have become indulgent and some even become acquainted with undesirable elements and become crime victims. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council


(a) of the respective numbers of crime cases related to online chatting reported and cracked down in the past year, broken down by the type of cases;





(b) whether it has studied how adolescents are affected in respect of their mental and intellectual developments, communication skills and interpersonal relationship by their indulgence in such online chatting; if it has, of the results; if it has not, whether it will do so; and


(c) of the measures taken to assist parents and adolescents in adopting a correct attitude towards participating in such activities, and to assist schools and parents in dealing with problems related to adolescents indulged in online chatting?


Reply


Madam President,


(a) At present, the Hong Kong Police Force does not maintain separate figures on crime reports related to on-line chatting. Thus, there is no statistical data on the number of such cases including its breakdown. But anecdotal experience is that there have been few cases of crimes arising from on-line chatting.


(b) Since online chatting on the Internet has only become widespread among local young people recently, the Administration has not carried out any study on the effect of such activity on our youth before. However, the Commission on Youth is planning to conduct a study on the influence of information technology (IT) on youth later this year. The study, among other topics, will cover the influence of Internet usage (including online chatting) on the behavior of our youth, as well as the relationship between the value standards of youth, their behavior in daily life and their Internet usage pattern.


(c) The Education Department has implemented the following measures to assist students in developing a correct attitude towards computer applications, including online activities -


(i) Curriculum Support


The Education Department revised the syllabuses of computer subjects in secondary schools in 1. The revised syllabuses cover the correct attitude towards applications of computer and the Internet.


The Education Department recently developed a set of Information Technology (IT) Learning Targets for primary and secondary school students. Apart from the knowledge and skills to be acquired by students at different learning stages, the learning targets also set out the correct attitude towards applications of IT, e.g. the social and ethical responsibilities of using IT (including the Internet) and the awareness of indecent elements or activities on the Internet. The IT Learning Targets will be implemented at schools starting from September this year.


(ii) Provision of Training


The Education Department will include next year a new topic Guidance Programme to Develop Correct Attitude Towards IT Application in the pre-service and in-service training for student guidance teachers.


(iii) Support to Parents


The Education Department has set up a homepage to provide parents with information on the healthy development of children. The homepage includes reports and article extracts on the attitude of adolescents towards using IT and the Internet as well as how parents educate their children about using IT and the Internet. Information uploaded recently include reports on adolescents engaging in online chatting and how parents could deal with problems related to children indulged in on-line chatting.


If students are found to be indulged in online chatting, schools may refer them to the Psychological Services Section of the ED. The officers will provide counselling services to the parents and students concerned.


The Information Technology and Broadcasting Bureau also emphasises the correct attitude of young people and children on using the Internet. For example, the Information Technology Services Department has produced a VCD entitled Explore IT with our Children. The VCD has been distributed to all secondary schools for discussion at their parent-teacher associations. The main focus of the VCD is on how parents could guide their children on the proper use of the Internet. The Television and Entertainment Licensing Authority has also launched various publicity and public education programmes, such as distribution of publicity materials to and talks for parents, broadcast of Announcements of Public Interest in television and radio to encourage parents to provide guidance to their children on how to prevent them form exposure to indecent or obscene materials on the Internet.


In making available computers for use by our youngsters in children and youth centres, it is also common that non-governmental organizations organize sessions for parents and youngsters to, apart from teaching them to use the Internet, alert them to possible hazards to which young people are exposed and provide guidance on the correct attitude when using the Internet. Those with personal or familial problems arising from youngsters indulging in using the Internet may seek assistance from school social workers or family caseworkers.





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The purpose of filtration

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The purpose of this lab was to show us how evaporationg and filtration worked with simple solutions we are exposed to every day, with that we can imagine how they work with other solutions and have a better understanding of them and the things they can go through.


Frist we put on the protecitve apron and goggles for our eyes, and since I have long hair I had to tie it back.


Second we gathered our supplies which were two beakers (one being smaller), salt, sand, filtering paper, two wire gauses, plastic wash bottle, beaker tongs, a funnel, stirring rod. the scale was porvided at the lab along with the ring stand and the bunson burner.


Next, we massed a dry, empty 50 mm beaker and recorded the mass to two decimal places and the recorded it in our data table.





After that, added 4 grams of salt to the beaker and measured that then recorded it in our data table.


Then, we added 4 grams of sand to the beaker and salt and recorded the mass in our data table (to two decimal places.)


Next, we added 5.0 mL of tap water to the beaker with salt and sand in it then we mixed everything with the stirring rod until it disolved. Note the sand will not disolve.


After that, we took the filter paper and massed it the recorded it in out data tabe along with the other masses. Then we took a PENCIL and wrote our names on it.


Then, we took a clean dry beaker and masses this one and rocorded it in our data table as well. This will be used to catch filtrate.


Next, we took the filtering paper and folded it into fourths then placed it in the funnel we collected earlier. We poured all of the contents of the first beaker into it and placed the second beaker under it to catch it then we used the plastic wash bottle to clean out the excess sand and salt.


After that, we let the water filter out from the sand and salt then we placed the filter paper with the sand and salt in the oven and let it dry. Then we took the beaker that caught the filtrate and put the wire gause on the ring stand and lit the bunson burner and placed the beaker containing the filtrate under the flame. We let this come to a boiling and noticed the salt was appearing to stick to the side of the beaker as the water evaporated. We let all of the water evaporate then we used the beaker tongs and moved it onto the second wire gause and turned the gas off. Then we massed the beaker and recorded it into our data table.


We cleaned the beaker and places the supplies back in their rigtful places/containers in the room and since the filter paper with the sand wasnt dry I came in during activity and massed it and recorded that.


Finally, I placed the filtering paper back in the counter top for my partner to used later and I was done.


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about myself

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Dep 000


October 1 00


My childhood was a very happy one. I was given the attention a child was supposed to have been given when been raised. My mother gave birth to me on March , 184 in Mount Sinai hospital. As a toddler I bonded really well with my fellow peers. I used all the different types of play growing up such as physical play, sensorimotor play and more. I was especially prone to rough and tumble play, which was horsing around, beating my friend, and get myself, beat down. That’s the type of play where my mom would get mad because I would get myself dirty and scrape myself rolling around in grass.





As I grew up I started keeping to myself when I turned around 8 years old. I guess a person would say that at was very individualistic time for me. In ways I never really grew out of being like that. I still sometimes do things myself to get different tasks done. During my physical development, which was from around from six to twelve, girls were constantly beating up the boys. Girls where more like the enemy and were not really that attractive as boy playing on monkey bars. Though I did a get kick out of them always chasing my friends and me around the schoolyard when I called them names. It like kind of symbolized a crush on a particular girl in school.


During this period also life was a lot simpler. When I was in elementary school a kid has a lot less many responsibilities to worry about. There was no bills or car payments due every month. Instead there were baseball cards, pogs, and physical Ed. We would run around a field to see who was the fastest kid in class. I was really skinny so I could jet it around the field and pass all the obese kids. Of course I’m speaking from an autobiographical memory because I can’t seem to remember every incident from my childhood in an exact time of date. I can tell you it was like my golden years. Not the golden years that old people go but just less stressful.


My parents are very authoritive people from what I can remember as a child. I wasn’t beaten or bruised just frequently got myself in trouble. I just did a lot dumb things a kid would do exploring the world around him. I would play outside all the time and get myself hurt wherever I went out. Riding bike was a cool thing I would go everywhere on a Huffy.








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hello

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on hello. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality hello paper right on time.

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An Eighty year old woman was seriously injured in one of the latest home invasions in Surrey. On Wednesday January twenty eighth the elderly woman was brutally beaten when someone broke in to her two story home threw an open window on the second floor. When she came to after the beating she stumbled over to a neighbor’s house where they immediately phoned 11. Fiset was in her bra and panties when she showed up at her neighbor’s home, he says that she was covered in blood, and had a big gash on her head. Other injuries included a fractured skull, and some cuts and bruises. She was kept in the hospital a few days for observation. For twenty years Fiset has lived in her home in the Guildford area for twenty years, and it is a shame that something like this would happen. This is just one of the many cases involving home invasions resulting in a brutal beating. Contract for Teaching assignment


May , 00


Parties involved


Alycia Kempf, Crystal Kuiper and Mr. Sundher





Description of units to be taught


We plan to cover the information in the units 1. 1.4 regarding marriage. We will display a poster for each unit, provide a hound out for each and lecture on the information.


Method for students to be accountable for the unit


Questions will be given in the last bit of the class period for homework; we will then go over the questions the next day, and there will be a quiz of approximately 15 questions. The quiz will be marked and handed back in the next couple of days.


Requested grade


86-100% for each group member.


Proposed length to teach


80-100 minutes a one hour period and time the next day.


Proposed dates


Thursday, June, 5-6, 00


_________________ _________________ ___________________





Crystal Kuiper Alycia Kempf Mr. Sundher








i made this all up


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