Showing posts with label sample research paper. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sample research paper. Show all posts

Junk Food

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Junk Food Killing Ourselves with Generosity


Feeling hungry? How about pizza, burgers, French fries and cola, or chicken patties, deep-fried? Are you thirsty? Then how about a milk shake or soda? Perhaps you want something sweet? Candy bars and crisps should do the trick. The truth is we love fast food. We love it even more if its deep fried in fat, full of salt, stacked with sugar and countless numbers not to mention flavored pulp.


There are over 00,000 fast food outlets in the US alone. Fast food, junk food, call it what you like, but its taking over our world. Junk food is fast, convenient, sadly predictable and everywhere. Our nutrition comes in a box, our thirst is quenched in a carton. No matter where we are in the world it seems junk food is there to comfort us. We think we know what were getting and we like it very much.


The only trouble is, junk food just does not feel the same way about us. Nutrition experts tell us that fast food is often high in calories, sodium, fat and cholesterol. Who cares? It tastes good and it smells good. How bad can that be? After all, its all around us, frozen in the supermarket and stacked in vending machines. We see the proof of our addictions, flashed across our TV screens hourly. The key words are Quick and Tasty and wherever we are, its never very far away.





National conglomerates spend millions endorsing games and toys with their drinks and burgers. Surely they wouldnt try and sell us food that is bad for us? These same companies give even more millions to our schools and colleges. Theyre funding our lifestyles and education. All the schools and colleges have to do is ensure we have easy access to that vending machine at all times of the day. All we have to do is to buy and eat and drink the cheap colourful products stacked up inside. Everyday and all day that is exactly what we do.


How wonderful this is on the cusp of the twenty first century. After all our time is in such short supply. We dont have time to cook. Were busy people, freed from the labour of the kitchen. Ping! That microwave meal is ready. The re-cycled packaging is already in the trash. The TV dinner soon consumed, we slump on the couch our only exercise being to switch the remote control.


How many of us realize that our diet and the way we eat and promote fast food is doing us serious damage? The US Department of Health and Human Services estimates that half a million deaths annually are due to cancer, heart disease, strokes and diabetes. They say that these deaths are directly linked to what we are eating. The fact is junk food kills as many Americans as tobacco.


It doesnt seem to matter to us that both tooth decay and obesity are on the rise in teens and adults. According to the Center for disease Control and Prevention more than half of all adults are now overweight or obese. Obesity rates in children and teens have doubled in size since the late 170s. Their problems with heart disease are all in the future. The funny clown wont be around by then. Hell be close to death, his arteries clogged up. His cardiovascular disease will be about to finish him off. This will be as a result of a process that will have started when he was five or six, a process that once begun, is irreversible. His bones will be brittle and weak. His teeth will have fallen out. Still, maybe hell still be able to polish off a milk shake flavored with a spoonful of pulp.


One average burger meal contains, hidden amongst the beef and cereals, additives and flavorings, ten teaspoons of salt. Ten! Trying eating that on its own and see how you feel. Theres enough sugar in a soda, along with the fruit pulp, to fill up your hands. How about that for healthy food? Now pile on the spoonfuls of fat that make up burgers and candy alike. Would you want to feed that to a child? Would you even eat it yourself?


We know that smoking is bad for us, though it was not always thought so. We know that drinking alcohol causes major damage and impairment to our bodies. We dont offer young children and teens these lethal toxic substances. Surely we should at least try and stop them filling up their bodies with unnecessary and harmful food and drink.


Kids love fast food. We treat them to it. Its all around them. Its not bad in moderation or as part of a balanced diet, say the experts. The truth is most of us have no idea what a balanced diet is. Kids love fast food because its all they see. They are being manipulated with advertising and so are we. Researchers at the University of Toronto have discovered that fat rich diets are not only bad for your heart, liver and teeth; they may also impair essential brain functions like concentration and memory. The quick fix buzz we get from eating sugar-drenched candy, is exactly that, a quick fix. Soon after we slump and become lethargic.


We all want to do right by our children and ourselves. Parents find it a continual struggle to encourage healthy eating habits. They are up against fierce competition in this hectic day and age. Pretty soon there will be a generation of parents who will never know what life was like before the advent of burger chains and fast food outlets. Ill health and obesity will be normal. High blood pressure and coronary disease will be rife.


It does not have to be so! Education is the key. We should make it our business to find out what we are eating and what we should be eating. Our schools and colleges have come to rely on the revenue from the peddlers of junk food. Shouldnt we have the right to demand that some of this revenue is put directly into education on nutrition and the availability, even promotion of a balanced diet? Shouldnt we be teaching children about a diet that includes, high fiber and natural energy giving foods. A diet that is low in calories and saturated fats is better for us. Vegetables are a major source of our protein and vitamins. We should be incorporating these into our daily intake. We should not just rely on a small printed list on the side of a carton that we do not even understand. Obesity and disease will not vanish purely as a result of a healthy diet. Exercise should be incorporated too. A healthier diet though, is a major start.


Knowledge is good, but it is not enough. After all whatever we say, if junk food is all that is on offer, what kind of choice is that? The US government does spend money on promoting healthy eating. A mere one million dollars compared to more than a billion dollars spent by one fast food chain alone in promoting its products. Our government needs to initiate campaigns and policies to enable people to eat well and be active. Above all we need to clamp down on the junk food ads. We must try to eat healthier.


You must find out what exactly you are eating. Make it your business to know what is going into your system. You will feel better for it. You will look better for it. Who knows you might even be able to think with a razor sharp mind. Then youd know that in eating junk food you are killing yourself with kindness. Perhaps then youd reach for the ultimate in pre-packed snacks, a banana!


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alice

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Introduction to Social Work


September 15, 00


Our class discussions of empowerment can be applied to the story of Alice and her daughters. Struggling with empowerment, the teenage girls developed destructive strategies to cope with their stressful situations. As someone who wants to become an elementary school teacher as my future, I know that I will react differently to the events of the story. Counselors and teachers must have a close relationship with students because usually when children are disruptive it is attached to problems in the home. As a teacher, I hope to in the future be an encouragement to these children and to help them realize how important their education and their lives are. I feel that if a teacher or a counselor at school can become more actively involved in a students life, than perhaps intervention with a social worker may not even be necessary. As it has been said, many times the goal of a social worker is to work themselves out of their job and with the help of the schools, perhaps less intervention may be needed among children.


Another important issue that arose from this story was how negative publicity was involved with the TV cameras and the newspapers for the indigent welfare mothers. Many people of that community who know no one personally on welfare and have not been witness to their genuine and painful struggles may have concluded from that event that many who are on welfare are unworthy of it. They may generalize it to the extent that welfare is unnecessary because everyone on it could be cured of their poverty and lack of empowerment if they were not so lazy and lacked initiative. This is what I found to be greatly disturbing about the county wanting to make a show out of these mothers who clearly were not greedy and were not abusing the welfare system, but rather were neglected by the goverment. I think that the welfare system today should have greater funding through taxes. Taxes today make the rich,richer and the poor, poorer. Instead, I believe that taxes on the wealthy should not be decreased, as is the goal of the Bush administration. I feel that greater appropotionment of taxes to the welfare system could be helpful in situations such as the one with Alice and her daughters. Our legal system should be helping Alice, not prosecuting her for that which she has no control over. It is her lack of empowerment that makes her easily targeted and this is greatly disturbing.





I remember reading a book called Nickel and Dimed, by Barbara Ehrenreich that was a story about a journalist who gave up everything she had for one year to explore exactly what it is like to be a low-paid worker in America. The rhetoric surrounding welfare reform, promises that a job -- any job -- could be the ticket to a better life. But how does anyone survive, let alone prosper, on six to seven dollars an hour? To find out, Ehrenreich left her home, took the cheapest lodgings she could find, and accepted whatever jobs she was offered as a woefully inexperienced homemaker returning to the workforce. This book relates to the reading in several ways because Alice is a woman in a similar situation Barbara put herself in. Alice was offered jobs that all required a car, that she in no way could afford. I highly recommend reading this book because it helped me learn more about the great injustices inherent in the welfare system and in the people who need intervention the most.





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Muhammad Ali

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Muhammad Ali


The Greatest of All Time


Muhammad Ali was possibly the greatest boxer of all time due to his persistence in pursuing his dreams. Born January 17, 14, Cassius Clay would soon find his wings. Ali once said “Float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” That he did throughout his 1-year boxing career.


Ali revolutionized the sport of boxing by introducing a style never seen before. His key moves in the ring were boxing with his left hand behind his back, then pulling his body back when a punch came his way. This was just fun and games to Ali. He boxed with a speed that could be compared to a welterweight. But in 160 Ali showed the world he knew how to be serious by winning the 160 Light Heavyweight gold medal in the Rome Olympics. Four years later, after fighting his way to the top of heavyweight circuit, Ali fought Sonny Liston for the title and walked away a champion. After that epic fight Ali announced that he accepted the teachings of Islam and that his new name is Muhammad Ali “Famous Faces”.





In 167 Ali refused to be inducted in to the United States Armed Forces because of his Islamic beliefs. He was then arrested, and shortly after that had his boxing license suspended and his heavyweight champion title





stripped. Ali was then inactive in boxing from March , 167, to October 6, 170. Some people believed that these would have been his peak performance years. In Ali’s absence Joe Frazier became the new heavyweight division champion, thus setting up a showdown when Ali returned “Sports Biographies”.


Ali got his license back in 170 and won fights against Jerry Quarry and Oscar Bonavena, which made Joe Frazier next on Ali’s list. Ali claimed to be “The People’s Champion” and stated that Frazier would have to beat him before he was the true champion, even though Frazier already held the title. Frazier dropped Ali in the 15th round of the “Fight of the Century.” Ali would later retake his title in 174 the same way he originally gained it, by slaying an ogre. George Foreman the current Heavyweight champion was given the odds, leaving the - year- old Ali with little hope. The fight was held in Kinsasha, Zaire, where Ali employed the rope-a-dope technique to tire Foreman out before taking him out in the eighth round. Ali defended his title until 178 when Leon Spinks upset Ali to take the title “Enshrines”.


Past his prime, Ali fought three more fights, two of which ended in defeat. Ali retired in 178, but came out of retirement in 180 to fight twice more only to lose both fights. Ali retired for good in 181.





“Sports Biographies”


In 164, the day after becoming the Heavyweight Champion of the World, America was shocked by Muhammad Ali’s announcement of his involvement in the Civil Rights movement when he proclaimed to the world that he had become a Black Muslim. He wanted black people worldwide to see that they could achieve the highest dreams equal to any other race, station or status. “Sports Century”()


Being one of the first black activists in sports came with serious consequences. The anti-white stance of the Black Muslim philosophy caused the downfall of Ali’s popularity during the high point of his career. Promoters were reluctant to back Ali’s upcoming matches. His income declined along with his popularity. The final blow to this stage of his career came with his arrest in 167 for refusing to be drafted into the military “Sports Century”().


Ever the humanitarian, Ali supports many charities around the world, including those in Islamic countries as well as the United States. Ali liked to stage fights in third world countries hoping to make superpower nations aware of the great poverty of these countries. Muhammad Ali has always used his career to promote the underdogs of the world, rather than simply for his own personal gain “Famous Faces”.





Friend and foe admired Muhammad Ali for his persistence in overcoming all the odds against him. Although, Muhammad Ali was known for his arrogant loud mouth, both admirers and opponents agreed he did this just to psyche him self-out for his fights. Before his match with Sonny Liston he rented a bus and tacked signs on the side of it that read “We all love Cassius Clay,” “Without Cassius the game is dead,” “March on Liston’s camp,” and “Bear hunting.” Even though, Ali was criticized for running his mouth off and predicting the round he would knock out his opponent, friends insisted this was only a technique he used to win his fights “Jet”.


In conclusion, Ali is an amazing man whom through persistence and hard work overcame a multitude of trials and tribulations, to become the Heavyweight Champion of the World. Muhammad Ali will always be remembered for his unique dancing style, his speed in the ring, and of course his loud mouth and rhymes.





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Donnie Darko

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Donnie Darko is an intense, complicated movie loaded with hidden messages, comments on human behavior, and insights into the mysteries of life and the possibilities of time travel. On the surface the film is a poppy science culture flick, with white attractive actors and actresses playing roles viewers can look at and link to people within their lives. When one looks deeper into the movie, however, this superficial layer is peeled away revealing themes and ideas about people that are incredibly powerful. There is, however, a unifying theme within the film; people who are trying to live their lives “normal,” fitting into convenient roles that are comfortable versus those who venture out to be themselves. These opposite lifestyles interwoven together really show different ways humans act, and what those actions cause. Why have this dynamic? Is the director trying to say one way to live is better than another? Only the movie can lead us to an answer.


Donnie Darko is an outcast, but not in the conventional way. He has his friends, he lives in a middle to upper class white suburban home, and goes to a private school. These people he surrounds himself with, however, don’t really know who he is. In reality, he is a boy who keeps to himself, constantly drowning in problems with his “disease” and relationship issues with his families. When his life is saved by a six feet tall metal bunny rabbit from the future, Donnie has a choice; he can go on living his just saved life, or he can act out what this rabbit wants him to do. He owes something to this being who rescued him, and this is a chance for him to step out of his normal life and do extreme things. He gets to lash out any emotion he has (which on the surface is none) and make a difference. Donnie wants to change things. He brings up change when discussing Graham Greene’s book and, when walking with Gretchen mutters so she can barely hear him that maybe one day he’ll “change things.” This is his chance to break out of the monotony and be who he really is, which may be a superhero.


Gretchen is another character trying to start a new life, break away from her past. She doesn’t want to be the scared, helpless girl she was when her dad was around. She is not just going to be another person; she too is used to being away from the normal girl mold with her life experiences, and she’s not just going to go back. She is who she is, which is shown by people she’s hardly talked to (the bullies) knowing the history of her mother. She is who she is, and her past is nothing to hide; a trait very few teenage girls exemplify.


Karen, Donnie’s English teacher, is also trying to break herself, as well as her students, away from the cookie cutter way of life and learning. She is paving new way, being the progressive teacher in the conservative school. She presents her students with a controversial book, and forces her students to delve into things. When she is challenged for her actions, she stands strong, even though it eventually costs her job. Is the director trying to say this is the way to live? As who you are and for what you believe? If so he is not shy about showing the possible drawbacks from this; and repercussions from those who do not live that way.





Kitty Farmer, quite possibly the most annoying character in a movie ever, exemplifies the idea of living “the way you should” just because it is the thing to do. She is, in both ideals and style, straight out of the 150’s. She believes in good Christian upbringing and lifestyle, and doesn’t approve of anything out of the norm. Kitty, along with the help of Jim Cunningham, provides the second way of living the director is trying to compare Donnie, Gretchen, and Karen to. Jim Cunningham is an even more extreme version of Kitty, but his “normal” lifestyle is proven false.


After looking at these characters, it is the scenes between them that show the dynamic the director is trying to compare. There are many scenes involving the characters that not only show different ways to live, but how hard it is for them to coincide. Donnie Darko is in Kitty Farmer’s class when she wants to do an exercise inspired by Jim Cunningham’s video. There are two words written on the chalkboard; Fear and Love. Every situation that is presented to the class is supposed to be placed on the board, near either word. When Kitty asks Donnie to do this, he brings up a problem with the exercise, saying “you can’t just lump things into categories, things aren’t that simple.” Kitty replies with “the life line is divided that way” Donnie “Life isn’t that simple.” There is not a more obvious scene where the director makes the distinct difference of these two types of lifestyles. He again, however, doesn’t make it obvious which he is saying is better (if any).


Another great scene for recognizing this difference involves a character that is not very prominent in the movie, but in everyday life. This involves Karen and the principle of the high school, an authority figure hired to promote a normal, bland, commonplace life. When Karen is discussing how he doesn’t have a clue about these kids she mentions that “we are losing them to this prescribed nonsense,” showing her contempt for the normal system. His only reply is “I’m sorry that you have failed,” turning all responsibility of his own into her mistakes, he hasn’t done anything out of the norm. This in charge position is symbolized by another character trying to impose a way of living of everyone else, Jim Cunningham.


When there is an assembly for the school by Jim Cunningham promoting his no fear all love lifestyle, there is a chance for the audience to ask questions. Donnie takes this opportunity to “change things;” get the other students and teachers thinking about how living with this monotony is not smart. When Cunningham is challenged, he playes an easy card “You are a troubled and confused young man,” you are not like the rest of us. To which Donnie claims proudly “I am pretty troubled and I’m pretty confused and I’m afraid, actually, really afraid… but I think you’re the fucking antichrist.” He is stating for everyone in the room to know that he is not living like everyone else, he is jumping out of his shell, met with cheers from the crowd.


The director is not showing that being who you are for everyone to know is always best, or right, or easy. Donnie is obviously very troubled, with an extreme diagnosis, and dealing with therapy. Gretchen knows who she is but still gets upset when bullies tease her about her past, and Karen knows she has lost a battle when she loses her job. These people are who they are and unashamed, but paying for it. The characters who are living the way they feel they should, trying to impose their lifestyles on others also aren’t always happy or relaxed. Jim Cunningham breaks down in tears at the end of the film, showing that he is living a lie, and has created an image he doesn’t match; losing his sense of self. Kitty can’t even be there for her daughter at Start Search because she has to defend a man who doesn’t deserve it; she’s imposed his views on so many others now she must live with them herself. She needs to bring herself to ask the most complicating character for help, after doing what she can to bring her down.


Donnie’s mother, Rose, does not fit either lifestyle. She is not living in the traditional, molded way, but not acting out on her emotions as who she really is either. She is that in the middle; the gray area the director covers to show another way to live. Rose loves her son. She misses the Donnie she had and is afraid she might be losing him to his sickness. Towards the beginning of the movie she tries to talk to Donnie but is met by a cold stranger who calls her a bitch. This is obviously upsetting to her, but she is not ready to give up on her son. She visits his doctor, and wants to do anything she can to make him better. She is not the mother to sit quietly or be ashamed of her son. After the incident with Donnie and Mrs. Farmer Rose has an incident with her. During this conversation she not only expresses great concern for her son and what’s happening, but also doesn’t give in to Kitty’s nonsense. Kitty tells her that everyone must be on a path to righteousness and that she is concerned with her abilities as a mother. This doesn’t even faze Rose. She knows she is a good mother and this righteous rhetoric doesn’t mean anything, and it’s certainly not going to save her son. She also shows her willingness to stand up for what she believes at the PTA meeting. She calls Kitty out on her ridiculous notion to ban the Graham Green book, and tries to make Kitty look dumb by asking her if she even knows who that is. There is a time, however, when she does melt back into that mold; when Kitty needs her help.


Rose has a fairly normal life, with Donnie being the only complicating factor. She could choose to ignore him, forget about him, and concentrate on her husband and two daughters, but she doesn’t. She sticks by him even though he tries to push her away, and won’t give up on him. When she is asked to go with her daughter to Star Search she has to make a choice. Donnie has been through a lot lately and his therapist even wants to increase his medication. She goes though, knowing that although she loves Donnie and will be there for him forever, she needs to let him deal with some things on his own. It may be the only way he’ll ever get better. She is living in between the rest of the characters in the movie; not being too her, because it may cause her to lose her sense of self, but not being too molded, because she then just takes the shape of those around her.


Is this what the director is going for? Is he trying to say there is a happy medium? In the end of the movie the characters that lived in convenient boxes already set up for them don’t really end up happy. Jim Cunningham is shown sobbing, knowing he is living a lie, and Kitty can’t be with her daughter for the one thing she has shown any passion for throughout the whole movie. On other side, Gretchen will be alive, never knowing what she has missed, Karen is safe with her job, and Donnie has accomplished something he never has before. He has repaid all those he has loved; finally given something to those who meant something to him. He couldn’t show his mother he loved her, or Gretchen, or even his sisters. He was thankful to Karen, and this was the only way to thank them. They would never know he did it, but it is that peace within him that is important. What Donnie Darko did was heroic, and sprung from two very different emotions; fear and love. His fear for hurting all the people he would hurt if he was to continue living, and his love for them he was unable to show. Are Jim Cunningham and Kitty right? Is that the basis for everything we do? Donnie Darko was a complicated character, but he would have been a great example for any of





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The Future and Trends of Management

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Many say that history repeats itself at some point in time. As people grow up in life, they are taught the history of the world and its inhabitants. In our history, we have seen numerous forms of management amongst the many historic figures that have been pointed out to us. From kings and queens, to generals and entrepreneurs, the world has seen its share of different management. In the United States, powerful management and confidant leadership has helped this country become an independent and thriving entity. Since that time, the management and leadership styles have changed, and many trends have taken place.


Since the creation of the United States, managers and leaders have been a critical part of creating a stronger country. Through great knowledge and experience, leaders in the early armies motivated their soldiers to victory in the countless wars that the United States has faced. With great planning and management styles such as strategic thinking, these leaders persuaded the troops to give their life for their country. But during these times, management was in my opinion, a crude and inhumane practice. The same can be said for the private sector, other than in the military. In the past, wages and benefits were either non-existent or terrible, children used were used for labor, managers and owners were cruel to the workers, and work conditions were unbearable. But fortunately as times changed, so did the management styles and many of the business conduct laws.


Currently, employment and fair treatment laws have change the way organizations do business and treat their employees. The exploitation of child labor has been banned in the United States and so has the use of sweat shops. Managers are no longer allowed to hit or cruelly punish their employees. In private businesses and in the military, the term kindler and gentler has been adapted because of all the right that an employee now has. This has lead to a change in management. The need for more intelligent and quick thinking managers and leaders began to grow. Manager now need to have degrees and have a high level of experience to be considered for a position.


The future holds similar changes for the management groups of the United States and in the rest of the world also. As generations grow, they learn and become experts with the technology of their time. This means, that when they enter the workforce, they may be more knowledgeable on the new technology then their future management. To adjust for this, management will need to keep up to date with the new technology and they will have to have higher levels of education to be able to lead these newer generations of workers. With a higher base of knowledge to start with, managers will most likely be creating more detailed plans and strategies, and they will creating more efficiencies.





In the past, leaders and managers relied on human and animal messengers to pass critical information to other sectors of their business or their troops. This was an extremely long process that required having a lot more competent managers and leaders to do simple jobs. They were based on a large pyramid structure that most likely cost the company large amounts of revenue. With the much advancement in technology, mangers were given tools such as telephones, computers, internet, and faster means of parcel service. With more advancement being created with telecommuting, document exchange, portable communication devices, and various means of transportations, businesses will become more automated. As these businesses begin to become more automated, their sizes will decrease and so will their need for so many managers with in the ranks.


With all the automation and technology decreasing the need for so many mangers and leaders, these businesses will begin to evolve in a flat structure. There will be fewer managers and fewer workers performing the same jobs. These managers will need to be very savvy on the new technology, the automations and they will have to able to efficiently communicate with onsite and telecommuting employees. Manager will also be able to manage employees that are based world-wide. A lot of the conference may in the future be performed via video conferencing.


Currently, most of this change pertains mostly to non-factory, non-hard labor businesses and the military because they are run differently and require the human man-power. But technology will eventually reach these other fields also. Machines and robots with possible artificial intelligence, will replace the human man-power. Managers will now be dealing with the management of these robots or their controllers. Managers and leaders can create strategies and plans in teams and instantly send them to the workers, even world-wide.


Management will see many changes in the way they conduct business. But as many things in life have done, the past may repeat itself and management may see repetition of prior styles and trend. But as for the immediate future, management will molded by the changes of technology and the changes in the economy. References


Management theory, practice, & application. (000-00). University of phoenix. unimodule.


Apollo inc.


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recommendations for corparate social responsibilty regarding shell

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We have highlighted in this report all about Shell’s ‘unethical’ environmental and alleged socially unacceptable practices, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. But, has Shell recognised its wrongdoings and bad practices and the implications of these actions on the local environment and population?





Over the last eight years, Shell has undergone a massive change in its projected public image. In the last decade Shell was frequently receiving media attention for all the wrong reasons, from Brent Spar to human rights in Nigeria. However, Shell has worked hard to convince the world’s press and governments that it now practices sound social and environmental decisions.


In doing so Shell has internationally committed itself to many, publicly seen as ‘ethical’ ideals. For instance in 15, Shell announced that as an organisation it would practice the idea of ‘Sustained Development’. This is the concept within a business that growth and economic values are based on environmental quality. As a practice, this concept discourages natural resource consumption and high energy use.





Although, this idea at face value is excellent, in that it gives a good framework for environmental decisions, many of the world’s population may not understand what the ideals of sustained development are. As Shell is one of the world’s largest natural resource consumers it is contradictory, as one of its targets for 00 was a % increase in production of oil. Shell met this target by acquiring Enterprise Oil UK. As a concept and ideal, sustained development is there to provide guidelines, as mentioned earlier one of which is to discourage the consumption of natural resources. Shell cannot fully commit to this practice, as its main product is a natural resource. It seems laughable that shell even forwarded the concept in the first place as a basis for their environmental decision making.


If Shell is to practice this ideal successfully then it must actively promote the use of renewable sources of energy. It must be at the forefront of research into developing new sources of energy that won’t have negative impacts on the environment and its occupants. It must learn and be willing to show how to make these sources of energy available to the world’s population in an efficient and economical way.


In society today, concerns for the environment and the rights of workers and many stakeholders, are now being made aware to organisations on a larger and more frequent scale than ever before. It is therefore imperative that new models must be applied, and values and methods changed in order for organisations to deal with these concerns effectively.


In the case of Shell and its wrongdoings in Nigeria, the organisation has viewed the situation from a singular perspective, and that is of financial gain. This drive for profits in this region would have been enhanced as Nigeria as a country was not economically developed. Shell has attempted to abstract itself from the scenario, and distance itself from the controversial issues that have arisen due to the company’s actions in the region.


In distancing itself from the problem, it has led to Shell ‘relying solely on local site managers to sort out problems that are clearly beyond them’. Resolving these problems, experienced international personnel must meet with the local community in the Niger Delta, local site managers and representatives from the local government. Only by doing so can some of the cognitive barriers in place be removed, so that the situation can be dealt with as unique, and not simply one mass of ‘awkward’ information. A meeting such as this would enable quantifiable, measured results to be obtained, and more importantly for the ‘Ogoni’ people changes that they can see and feel, that are beneficial to them.


The demand for oil around the globe is immense and as long as this need is still present, oil companies such as shell will exist. As a result, these companies will still search for areas such as the Niger River Delta and more recently the Tarim Basin in Northwest China to extract their wealth.


In this process, such areas will occasionally suffer from environmental disasters as accidents do and will happen. However many can be prevented by using safe and modern up to date equipment. Many of the 76 oil spills that have happened in Nigeria between 161-1 have occurred on pipes that are almost 0 years old.


In the Shell annual report 00 it stated ‘… to give proper regard to health, safety and the environment consistent with are commitment to contribute to sustainable development’, this indicates that shell obviously understands the requirement of safe equipment. Unfortunately the Ogoni people in Nigeria have suffered an average of 4 oil spills per week on their homeland, often destroying the livelihoods of many a family.


Shell must be more responsive to these disasters in all aspects from cleaning up and returning the environment to it’s a original state, to compensating the local community for any loss or damages they may have incurred due to shells actions. Reaction times from shell must also improve, as in the case of Bernard Agbagwa he reported a spillage on the 8/08/00 and three years later is still waiting for shell to take action. Mr Agbagwa is 0 years old.


So, what can shell do to improve its stance on human rights, its performance concerning this aspect in Nigeria has been well documented. Shell is finally beginning to admit that it has to take action. Sir Phillip Watts has commented on the need for international regulation on corporate social responsibility, so that markets can work properly and meet society’s needs.


In order to help build relations with the Ogoni people Shell must publicly call for and cooperate in, an independent judicial inquiry into the situation in Ogoni, including the role of Shell staff and contractors, as well as the security forces, in past human rights violations. Shell must adopt company policies in support of human rights and establish procedures to ensure that company activities do not result in future human rights abuses





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Censorship of Japanese Anime in the United States

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Japanese anime is a visual art style that has become increasingly popular in western culture over the past five decades. The recent explosion of anime shows has caused concern by American parents over the violence and sexual content that is occasionally exhibited in episodes that are loosely edited. Mainstream anime that is heavily edited has also caused pandemonium, mainly by the anime otaku (fan base) in America who are accustomed to viewing anime in its full and unedited form. Even though it is good that parents are concerned about what their children are viewing, I personally believe that anime should have the same right as any other American program to be shown on television, or at least be sold in stores, as an unedited art form.


The main reason for the debate over anime content stems from the differences between Japanese and American culture. The Japanese are a bit more lenient as far as censorship goes. The Japanese government adopted most of its constitutional basis ironically from the United States after World War II and strongly exercises a right similar to the First Amendment. Much of the content seen in Japanese media has been lightly, if at all, censored. Only recently has the Japanese government attempted to make laws and obscenity codes concerning child pornography and depiction of pubic hair and genitals (Reyes). The American government, however, has had no clear definition of obscenity. In spite of this, any material that contains objectionable material is usually subject to be censored to some degree. Anime is considered to be a serious art form in Japan, and a good percentage of shows and manga (comic books) are of visual artistry. Many Americans who know little about anime view these shows as strictly cartoons for children, and a lot of the time they are treated as such. For example, the anime and manga (comic book) series Sailor Moon, created by Naoko Takeuchi, was originally targeted as a show for teenage girls in Japan. Sometimes the show would contain innocent scenes of nudity, such as the main character taking a bath. When Sailor Moon was brought to the United States, the show was marketed mainly to children. Parents most certainly would not allow children to view nudity of any kind, so the production company of the American version was forced to edit these scenes out, along with other scenes as well. Japanese anime is generally “created for college students and adults, and most of the anime that is for kids is created in a culture where kids are not limited to G-rated programs,” (Jedi Master Thrash’s Anime Page). When an anime series is syndicated to American television, a great bit of the mature content is cut, and as a result, the show is drastically altered.


Japanese anime goes through two types of basic editing before it is shown on American television. The first type of editing is for censorship of the questionable material. Sailor Moon went through many drastic censorship cuts in the first two seasons. The most notable edit that the show’s producers made was the theme of homosexuality. In the first season, the relationship of male villains Zoicite and Malachite was altered, and the producers changed Zoicite’s gender to make the relationship seem more acceptable to American viewers. Another production company picked up the series for seasons three and four, and even though the censoring was not as severe as the other producers, it was still noticeable. Fish Eye, another male homosexual villain in season four, was not as drastically butchered as the previous characters in season one. His character was still basically the same as the original Japanese version, but his comments made about his attraction to other male characters on the show are not heard on the American version. Season five of Sailor Moon has yet to be dubbed because some of the characters on the show change gender in their transformations. I think it is ironic that a country that preaches individuality and non-discrimination would go to such lengths to edit out scenes that educate young children about different lifestyles.


Some production companies also go as far as to edit out or alter scenes concerning Japanese culture. On the show Cardcaptors (Card Captor Sakura in Japan), the main character says she is eating hamburgers but she is clearly eating sushi. Some people might say that “in order for a series to sell and be successful in the United States, the viewers must be able to understand the programs,” and since the main audience is children, “the networks will cater the series to the children’s ability to understand the shows,” (Anime in America). In my opinion, this type of editing is unnecessary and actually confuses young viewers. Anime should be shown so people can “learn about another culture, and experience foreign thoughts, not to change them to match domestic culture,” (Jedi Master Thrash’s Anime Page).





The second type of editing that all anime series go through is arguably the most unnecessary. Typically, an anime shown in Japan takes up the full time it is allotted. However, American shows are usually about 18-4 minutes long on average in a 0-minute time slot. Because of commercial time, the whole Japanese series cannot be shown on American television. As a result, bits of scenes are cut out to fit the time constraints. Some production companies cut entire episodes because they want the series to begin or end on a certain day (preferably on Friday so the audience will be in suspense until the following week). In Dragonball Z, a very popular anime around the world and currently in the United States, the first two Japanese episodes were edited as just one episode on American television. Another anime show Robotech lost an entire season in American television syndication. The problem with this type of editing is that when future episodes flashback or rely on a past episode for the storyline, a lot of American viewers are confused and do not understand what is going on. Anime “isn’t episodic like American cartoons [;] it has a continuous story line, tightly linked, and any loss in that chain disrupts the entire series,” (Jedi Master Thrash’s Anime Page).


Many parents are concerned and upset with the content in Japanese anime. There was even a court case against a production company called Media Blasters in 18 concerning an angry father who claimed he bought a “mislabeled” product because it contained an objectionably obscene trailer of an anime (Reyes). The Comic Book Legal Defense Fund brought another case concerning obscenity charges to court. They claim that on two separate occasions, a copy of the adult manga “Legend of the Overfiend” was sold to an undercover cop and a member of the PTA (Reyes). Even though both of these people were adults over the age of 18, the sitting judge of the case denied the motion to dismiss the case. The truth is most parents are not around during the afternoon hours when anime is shown on television. But some parents that are monitoring what their children are watching seem to be offended particularly more so with Japanese anime than other programs, which contain considerably more violence and sexual situations than anime. It all stems from the fact that older generations of American society are not informed about anime and assume it is meant to be strictly children’s cartoons. Producers have added to this confusion by marketing to children, selling action figures and school supplies that the parents are buying. So the parents ultimately expect a wholesome show that their children can watch without being traumatized and corrupted. Honestly, there are rarely any shows on the air that children want to watch that are free of questionable content. As long as our society remains corrupt, a reflection of that will be shown on the airwaves as long as it receives ratings.


On the other side of the spectrum are the members of the anime otaku, who are completely offended at producers’ attempts to edit shows. The members of the anime otaku have found a common ground for bonding on the Internet and have formed several groups and started petitions against censorship of their favorite shows. Most even threaten to boycott the show if serious changes are not made. These groups know what the original Japanese version of the show looks like because most of them were fans before the recent anime explosion in the United States started. They went through much trouble trying to obtain imported videos and other apparel from Japan. Now that anime apparel is so accessible in the United States, they are angry at the quality of some of the products. Most groups feel that the censorship is “the equivalent of plagiarism,” and claim that producers alter the works to fit “our own culture and needs,” (Jedi Master Thrash’s Anime Page). The anime otaku do have a reason to be angry, but because they can be so harsh with their demands, their pleas often fall upon deaf ears.


There are three types of Japanese anime currently available for purchase in the United States dubbed, uncut, and subtitled. Dubbed anime is usually the cheapest to purchase but contains the least amount of unedited footage. Uncut anime usually indicates that a producer has left in most or all of the scenes of the original, but there is still some editing involved. These are more expensive than dubbed items but not as expensive as subtitles. Subtitles contain the original scenes and dialogue translated into English. These can be costly at times, however, the most costly anime item would most likely be an import. There is also a great difference in content whether you buy a VHS or a DVD. DVDs tend to contain more content, such as both dubbed and subtitled storylines, and have gained a good reputation even from producers who are generally heavy on the editing. Even though the DVDs are expensive, they are a great deal because they essentially contain two videos in one. For the serious anime collector, I recommend either imports or DVDs that preserve the original Japanese content. For mature children that are not quite used to the content or a first time buyer of anime, I recommend the uncut version on VHS. And of course for small children I recommend the dubbed versions of the anime. Even though I don’t really like dubbed versions of anime, they seem to appeal better to American children than other audiences.


The only solution that would satisfy both parents and the anime otaku would be the implementation of a rating system. Currently, most anime movies have mild warnings or do not have a rating at all. Dubbed and some uncut amines made for children should be rated PG so that parents know that there is some questionable content they should be aware of. Subtitles, depending on the original Japanese target audience, should be rated PG-1 for the milder animes and NC-17 for the more controversial types of anime. Hentai, or Japanese anime porn, would mostly likely fit under the NC-17 rating. Wit the implementation of a rating system, there should be more access to subtitles. It is very difficult to find a store that sells subtitles unless it is on the Internet, so to make it easier for the fans that can see mature anime, local video stores should volunteer to sell all types of anime. It is possible that producers could lose some revenue for dubbed anime from this method, but there should be an increase in anime content purchased because the consumer is finally getting what they want.


Japanese anime has certainly come a long way from the days of Speed Racer when the English words never matched the mouth movements. Without a doubt, there is a long journey ahead for anime if it wants to gain the full respect of Americans. Until the people of America can embrace anime as if it were like one of its own shows, profit-driven producers will continue to ruin its legacy and make a mockery out of a widely renowned and respected art form.











Sources


“Anime in America”. http//www.angelfire.com/pa/bonnienjess/jessbox010.html


“Censorship of Anime on Syndicate TV”. http//members.aol.com/thrashwise/anime.htm


Reyes, Luis. “Walking on Eggshells Anime and Censorship”. http//www.akadot.com/article/article-censorship1.html


Please note that this sample paper on Censorship of Japanese Anime in the United States is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Censorship of Japanese Anime in the United States, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Censorship of Japanese Anime in the United States will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Critical opinion of Keats's 'Eve of St. Agnes'

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Critical Opinion of The Eve Of St.Agnes by John Keats Louise Acker, 1AY


Keats was born in the time of the Romantics, and as such his inspiration originated from such long-forgotten myths as King Arthur and Robin Hood. Keats also celebrated the gothic, the imaginative and the strange; inspired by Medievalism itself. This celebration can be seen very clearly in The Eve of St. Agnes, which plays with ideas of Romantic and courtly love, myths and Arthurian tales, as Keats sets up his (some would say somewhat unoriginal) chivalric narrative.


For his subject Keats chose the Eve of St. Agnes, which is still celebrated today. On the twentieth of January, the pure ‘Brides of St. Agnes’ will fall asleep before midnight and hope to wake in the morning beside the love of their life. Some critics would say that Keats is using excessive language and metaphors without purpose to mock this legend, however I believe that to come up with such emotive and powerful descriptions as


‘And still she slept an azure-lidded sleep,





In blanched linen, smooth, and lavendar’d’,


and such expressive imagery as


‘A cloth of woven crimson, gold, and jet’,


Keats must have believed in his cause.


The mood of the poem changes throughout, progressing and moving with the current theme and plotline. I think this is necessary to keep a momentum going as, basically, the poem would otherwise seem to crawl into nothing.


In the first stanza all the reader’s senses are aroused ‘bitter chill’ and ‘numb’ for touch, ‘silent’ for hearing, ‘sweet’ and ‘frosted breath’ for taste, ‘pious incense’ for smell and ‘Virgin’s picture’ appeals to the sight. By overloading the reader with these stimuli, Keats creates a sensuous and deep feel to the poem even within the first stanza. The tone is religious and negative, emphasised by the slow pace of the verse and the unhappy language


‘chill’, ‘a-cold’, ‘frozen grass’, ‘limp’d’ (also an inference to death, showing that Keats’s distraction of mortality cannot be held back for long). The language is archaic (‘was a-cold’) and Keats had used a punchy pause and exclamation mark in the first line to emphasise the extent of the cold and the importance of the date


‘St. Agnes’ Eve � Ah, bitter chill it was!’


Sibilance is also used here to create a soft, quiet and negative atmosphere, with words like ‘silent’, ‘grass’, ‘pious incense’ and ‘censer’. In a way this prepares the reader for what is to come and negates the expectation that this poem ends happily. The title and the references to religion such as ‘pious’, ‘rosary’, ‘beadsman’, ‘holy’ and ‘incense’ introduce us to what feels like the religion of love, which will unfold later between the young lovers. By comparing their attachment to a religion Keats seems to be doing a number of things it is as though love is a never-ending cycle, and that, whether good or bad, its ending is inevitable; that love is about faith; that love is a tradition and a myth, a perfect place such as Heaven, but somewhere unreachable and transcendent. It suggest further that rituals are involved (the fruit on the table and her actions later on in preparation), that this is a necessary thing, and that you can cling to love, like a religion. Keats also appears to criticise religion as it is through following the religion of love that Madeline finds disappointment, heartache and ruin.


The next stanza continues the downbeat steps of the old Beadsman, again using sibilance to emphasise slowness, and talking about a crypt like he is in Hell and cannot escape, that the rails are ‘purgatorial’. It also mentions the statues and that he is praying ‘in dumb orat’ries’ to people that will never hear him. This presents the man’s life as pointless, like he no longer has purpose and cannot help his fate. Such a depressing idea is reflective of Keats’s obsession with his own death.


In the third stanza there is a sudden change of atmosphere; the poem becomes lively and colourful, full of energy, with bright language like ‘Music’s golden tongue’, ‘scarce three steps’ and the use of ‘rung’ and ‘sung’ instead of the present tense, which would have much less of an impact. This mood brings hope that is soon dashed with the lines


‘Another way he went, and soon among


Rough ashes sat he for his soul’s reprieve.’


This again reflects the main theme of the poem that life, hope and dreams are short-lived and that in the end death will prevail.


Further on in the poem we see the arrival of youth


‘At length burst in the argent revelry,


With plume, tiara and all rich array’.


These descriptive lines contrast the earlier image of the slow and weak old man with ideas of beauty, youth and richness. The excitement of this builds up throughout the poem; Keats uses manipulation of language such as ‘honey’d middle of the night’, ‘couch’ as a verb and ‘adorings’ as a noun, twisting the rules of English to create more of an effect and bring attention to the sensuality and sexuality of the poem.


‘The Eve of St. Agnes’ is indeed highly charged with erotic undertones such as ‘honey’d’,


‘Anxious her lips’and ‘her breath quick and short’. Tension within this sexuality is built up with phrases like


‘So, purposing each moment to retire,


She linger’d still.’,


‘The lover’s endless minutes slowly pass’d’,


‘She clos’d the door, she panted all akin’.


The other way tension is achieved is that from the tenth stanza through to the nineteenth, Keats concentrates on the actions of the old dame and Porphyro, creating an intensely electric air and allowing the reader to truly feel his frustration. Added to this build-up is Porphyro’s heroic crossing of the rough grounds ‘across the moors’, arriving in true romance and more strongly in love with Madeline than ever


‘with heart on fire’.


This means that Porphyro’s final meeting with his lady is all the more important, and that her undressing becomes all the more painful and sexually charged.


The moments when Madeline removes her clothes slowly and with care are a key point in the poem in my opinion. For me, Keats’s writing here is intense; the words are delicate and beautifully placed, the extent of Porphyro’s admiration is utterly complete, the lady is innocent and pure, the entire scene is exploding with sexual tension on his part and yet he will make no move


‘silken, hushed and chaste’,


‘And threw warm gules on Madeline’s fair breast’,


‘Rose-bloom fell on her hands’,


‘She seem’d a splendid angel, newly drest’.


Also there is the description of the window overlooking


‘blushing with blood of queens and kings’.


These are beautiful examples of Keats’s passionate writing and careful eroticism, and make up the perfect conditions for this engagement of the couple in courtly love.


Porphyro then sets up a table and fills it with exotic fruits for Madeline. These act as a symbol of their mutual ripeness, fertility and sensuality, and are also reminiscent of a religious feast such as The Last Supper in Christianity. This seems to suggest that their ‘religion of love’ will soon come to an end, and that this is their last feast whilst still virgins. It adds to a number of hints from Keats that sex will end your life.


Their have been many different opinions as to where exactly in the poem the actual sexual act takes place; Keats wanted to change a stanza to make the consummation more clear, but his publishers preferred the more subtle approach. In the poem now, the scene becomes that of the window instead of them directly, discretely covering up the act to retain the romance of the poem as well as contrasting the harsh outside world of reality with their safe dream world.


However I believe that the actual act is somehow unimportant; it is the inevitability of the consummation that seams to matter, and her reaction to his presence. She wakes and is deeply disappointed; her dreams have been dashed because he is not what she has hoped for


‘At which fair Madeline began to weep,


And moan forth witless words with many a sigh’.


The atmosphere is so negative here, heavy and relentless, with depressing words and long, quiet sounds such as ‘sigh’, ‘eye’ and references to entrapment as well as the mutability of beauty and youth with words like ‘keep’ and ‘joined’.


Suddenly the two become unreal, the speed slows down, the tone is woeful and the sibilance becomes somehow pessimistic (‘witless words’), when contrasted with the harsher, more stark and metallic consonants such as ‘pallid, chill and drear!’, ‘dark’ and ‘iced gusts’. Keats also mentions a ‘chain-droop’d lamp’ and ‘horsemen, hawk and hound’ to insinuate that they are being hunted by time. However they are not constrained by reality in the end, they are ‘phantoms’, all part of one Beadsman’s gloomy dreams


‘And they are gone’.


The last rhyming couplet sums up the hopelessness and predestination of the lovers, hitting the reader hard to hammer home the message


‘The Beadsman...told,


For aye…his ashes cold.’


The Beadsman’s death is cold and self-denying, which contrasts with the warmth of the poem to be found in its middle parts and creates a picture of doom. It seems that the only way to escape this doom is to live in a dream such as Madeline’s and to experience perfection through fantasy.


I have read some criticisms that Keats wrote this poem ‘to experiment with a specific rhyme-scheme’. It is true that the poem is structured very carefully in Spenserian stanzas (consisting of nine lines, using an ABABBCBCC rhyme-scheme). In my opinion Keats has used this strict formation as a sort of outer coating to his poem, to contain his expressive, colourful words; without such a structure the emotion could burst out of control.





There are many words and phrases in this poem that even I, in my small knowledge of Shakespeare, can recognise from that famous playwright the repeated suggestions of fairies, charms and spells such as ‘pale enchantment held her sleepy-eyed’, ‘moonshine’, ‘seraph’ and ‘charm’; the inferences of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ in that there is a young and handsome boy who engages in courtly love with the girl of his dreams, in that her family obviously dislike him


‘All eyes by muffled, or a hundred swords


Will storm his heart’, and


‘…not one breast affords


Him any mercy, in that mansion foul’,


and even in the small detail of the dame, who, just as the nurse in ‘Romeo and Juliet’, is the only woman who will tolerate him. This sort of unmistakable plagiarism seems to send columnists diving for their keyboards, although Shakespeare himself did borrow from those before him and, in any case, Keats has never kept to Shakespeare’s words but has twisted the tale; in Keats’s poem the lady is disappointed with her lover


‘How chang’d thou art! how pallid, cold and drear!’.


I have read opinions saying that this variation may have been a deliberate cover-up of Keats’s ‘eclectic borrowing’ of Shakespeare’s story; to me this opinion is too shallow and superficial for Keats. I believe the poet has used the change to emphasise that nothing can be everlasting, that everything, even the greatest literary works and the best romances, is mutable. Keats was obsessed by his own mortality from an early age and wanted to write a poem so amazing that it would defy death for him. I think that in recalling themes from Shakespeare, King Arthur and so on Keats is allowing those great myths and writers of the past a chance at morality, as if hoping that some day his work will too be re-iterated at least, if not treasured.


In ‘John Keats � A Beginner’s Guide’, David Edwards writes


‘…his best poetry explores the fine lines between dream and reality, the ideal and the actual, tempering an aptly adolescent intensity with a cool distanced self-awareness’.


This completely describes how I look at the story of ‘The Eve Of St. Agnes’ and is, in my opinion, an extremely tight and insightful comment on the poet. In this poem the adolescents are the young Porphyro and his Madeline. When describing Madeline, Keats uses exquisite language full of fruitfulness, beauty and richness, and Porphyro always comes over as gallant and romantic. This is fitting for the poem, neatly obeying the criteria of courtly love.


Although I feel drawn to the dreamy romanticism in ‘The Eve Of St. Agnes’, when I look at


the poem overall I see it as a pessimistic view on life, based around the idea of fate that you cannot affect, dreams that you cannot keep and ideals that are no longer valid; it is a poem that reaffirms the mutability of life, for me. However the language is deeply sensuous, the atmosphere is intoxicating and the poem in itself is generally pleasing, until broken down into its hard message and echo of mortality.





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IAS

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on IAS. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality IAS paper right on time.

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Aims of International Accounting Standards


You cant do business globally and use provincial accounting standards. This


quote from a member of a German banks Managing Board reflects the concerns


being expressed by institutions from many countries that are united in the IASC





(International Accounting Standards Committee). In a world of global enterprises


and global capital markets, where people can access the information they need


anywhere in the world online and on time, the biggest problem is a lack of


transparency and comparability of information. The main objective of International


Accounting Standards (IASs) is therefore to provide a global standard for drawing


up annual financial statements in line with the general aims mentioned above.


In addition to the international focus of these standards, they aim to ensure that


investors can compare data extensively by reporting period and company and thus


obtain a sound basis on which to make their decisions. This is why the basic


principle behind the IASs is that of providing a true and fair view and of fair


presentation.


These standards dispense with the extremely cautious interpretation of data aimed


at protecting creditors � which characterizes the continental European model, for


example � in favor of accounting policies that are as up-to-date and accurate as


possible.Aims of International Accounting Standards


You cant do business globally and use provincial accounting standards. This


quote from a member of a German banks Managing Board reflects the concerns


being expressed by institutions from many countries that are united in the IASC


(International Accounting Standards Committee). In a world of global enterprises


and global capital markets, where people can access the information they need


anywhere in the world online and on time, the biggest problem is a lack of


transparency and comparability of information. The main objective of International


Accounting Standards (IASs) is therefore to provide a global standard for drawing


up annual financial statements in line with the general aims mentioned above.


In addition to the international focus of these standards, they aim to ensure that


investors can compare data extensively by reporting period and company and thus


obtain a sound basis on which to make their decisions. This is why the basic


principle behind the IASs is that of providing a true and fair view and of fair


presentation.


These standards dispense with the extremely cautious interpretation of data aimed


at protecting creditors � which characterizes the continental European model, for


example � in favor of accounting policies that are as up-to-date and accurate as


possible.


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"Reunion": A Cause and Effect Analysis

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Alcoholism can have a multitude of effects on those it afflicts. Some effects are very direct; others are not so obvious. In the short story “Reunion”, Charlie’s father is a man firm in the grasp of alcoholism, and as is typically the case, its effects ripple throughout all facets of his life.


Initially, Charlie is looking forward to seeing his father again. He even goes so far as to say he is “terribly happy to see him again.” He expounds upon his joy by commenting that he “hoped that someone would see [them] together” and “wished that [they] could be photographed.” He describes his father as “a big, good-looking man”, not as a drunk. In fact, Charlie has nothing negative to say about his father whatsoever. However, though he never utters an ill word regarding the man through the course of the story, Charlie states at the conclusion that the meeting recounted in the story was “the last time” he ever saw his father. It’s a safe assumption that Charlie’s father’s status as a role model is permanently destroyed, given that his own son chooses never to see him again.


Charlie’s alienation of his father is completely understandable, given the circumstances. Very few people would choose to emulate someone who shows more interest in a pair of “Bibson Geefeaters” than in spending time with his own son, from whom he’d been estranged for over three years. In fact, he is so busy worrying about where to get a drink that he nary speaks a word to Charlie throughout their entire rendezvous. The only attempt at conversation is spent talking about the baseball season rather than anything personal or important. Otherwise, the remainder of their time together is spent trekking from restaurant to restaurant in search of another drink or verbally abusing the staff they encounter. It is truly a sad, sorry man that is so obsessed that he ignores his own family in favor of liquor.


When dealing with an addict like Charlie’s father, the worst thing one can do is impede the person in their quest to satiate their addiction. In a mere matter of minutes, Charlie’s father goes from being a jovial patriarch to a boisterous, obnoxious jerk. From that point on through the end of the story, Charlie’s father remains an obnoxious jerk � even to those who have nothing whatsoever to do with his craving for alcohol. He goes so far as to insult the newsstand attendant twice, and blatantly admits to Charlie that he wants “to get a rise out of this chap.” It becomes painfully obvious through the course of this story that Charlie’s father’s obsession with booze has completely soured his attitude; so much so that he is still just as offensive when totally sober, as is made apparent by his treatment of the first waiter prior to drinking anything.





Alcoholism can have a multitude of effects on those it afflicts. In Charlie’s father’s case, it seems to have destroyed him a role model and consumed him to the point that he thinks of it over and above anything else, including family. In addition to that, it has corrupted him and soured his attitude to the point of profanity.


Please note that this sample paper on "Reunion": A Cause and Effect Analysis is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on "Reunion": A Cause and Effect Analysis, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on "Reunion": A Cause and Effect Analysis will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Romeo and Juliet: Time and Fate

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What is love? is it not a feeling, a dream, a look? How long must it take for one to know he/she is in love? And if it is longer then an hour is it really love? One could say love is in the eyes, the window to the soul; another could say love could not be seen by the eyes for they only tell so much. But what about fate, if fate exists what does it matter if the love is in the eyes or truly in the heart? And at what point is life swept out of the beholder’s hands and into those of fate? if Shakespeare would have answered, i believe he would have said, when those hearts of the beholders do feel love there life is taken by love. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, is a love story struck down by fate and doomed to tragedy.


When considering the destruction of Romeo and Juliet the most significant fact you must think about is fate. Fate, above all, destroyed Romeo and Juliet. Many instances in the play reveal that the love of Romeo and Juliet would end in death. A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life. (pg., Prologue, line 6) From the very beginning it is evident that they were destined by the stars to bad fortune. Some people may think that there is no way to control fate or change what is in the stars. It could be that the love of Romeo and Juliet was destined for death so that their parents feud would be over. Also, the prologue states that the dreadful course of their love was destined for death. The fearful passage of their death marked love. (pg., Prologue, line ) Both of these quotes show us that the love of these two was destined to end tragically from the beginning. The masquerade party was above all the most important aspect of fate. The fact that Romeo was wearing a mask and his face was hidden allowed Juliet to fall in love with him before she saw who it was. If Juliet had known who Romeo was she would probably have not fallen in love with him. Fate could not have been changed whatever was meant to be would happen and no one could change that.


Some days after the ball, Benvolio and Mercutio are conversing, in regard to the quarrelsome weather. Benvolio declares, The day is hot, the Capulets abroad,/ And if we meet we shall not ‘scape a brawl,/ For now these got days is the mad blood stirring. (III, i, lines -4) At this point, Tybalt, who has challenged Romeo because of his appearance at the masquerade, enters, seeking Romeo. On Romeo’s behalf, Mercutio struggles with Tybalt, while Romeo, who is filled with love for his new cousin, tries to end their boldness. Before escaping, Tybalt plunges his sword into Mercutio, causing death to fall upon him. Mercutio blames Romeo and the feud for his fate. Romeo kills Tybalt, who taunts Romeo, upon his return. Romeo fears he will be condemned to death if he does not flee before the arrival of the Prince. Benvolio recalls the events that have happened, with some embellishment. The Prince declares


“And for that offence/ Immediately we do exile him hence./ I have an in





your hate’s proceeding,/ My blood for your rude brawls doth lie a-bleeding;/ But I’ll amerce you with so strong a fine/ That you shall repent the loss of mine./ I will be deaf to pleading and excuses;/ Nor tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses;/ Therefore use none. Let Romeo hence in haste,/ Else, when he’s found, that hour is his last./ Bear hence this body and attend our will./ Mercy but murders, pardoning those that kill”. (III, i, l 185-15)


Where upon, Romeo has to leave Verona and go to Mantua, leaving Juliet alone and desperate for Romeo. Which is another step to the tragic downfall of the lives and dreams of these two lovers.


Juliet, who refuses wed Paris, asks for Friar Laurence’s assistance, where upon he gives her a poison. The day before the wedding, Juliet is to drink the poison, which will make her appear to be dead. In forty-two hours she shall awake, with Romeo by her side. Romeo will then bring her to Mantua with him. In the meantime Friar Laurence will convey a message to Romeo in Mantua, telling him the plot. When she gains consciousness, Romeo and Friar Laurence will be there. Friar Laurence says, Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,/ And hither shall he come; and he and I/ Will watch thy waking (IV, ii, lines 115-117) Following Juliet’s intake of the poison, Romeo is anticipating news from Verona. Balthasar, a servant to Romeo, tells Romeo that Juliet has died. Romeo, who is told there are no letters from the friar, seeks a way to accomplish his suicide. Meanwhile, Friar Laurence confronts Friar John, who was to deliver the letter to Romeo. Friar John informs Friar Laurence that he was seeking another Franciscan, who was visiting the sick, to accompany him to Mantua. He says, Suspecting that we both were in a house/ Where the infectious pestilence did reining,/ Seal’d up the doors, and would not let us forth;/ (V, ii, -11) Friar John tells that he could find no one to deliver the letter, for fear they may catch the infection. The letter is not sent, Romeo knows not of the friars plan, fate rises over all arrangements, and leads its own paths.


Then many will ask, why? Why is the strongest, most beautiful love crushed my hate? Why can’t a love so strong conquer hate? And Shakespeare answers it does. The love if these two lovers is strong enough to end the feud of the families, but only in death. only by death of young love could the families see the danger of there hate, allowing it to stop. only the same amount of extreme love and hate could end the feud at such a drastic fate.





Please note that this sample paper on Romeo and Juliet: Time and Fate is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Romeo and Juliet: Time and Fate, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Romeo and Juliet: Time and Fate will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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An Analysis of Everyday Use

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How many children’s stories have you read that began with the words “once upon a


time”? We know that this is fiction. What about fiction that sounds so real that you are not sure


whether it is fiction or actual events that really happened. In the story Everyday Use, everything


sounds so real that I actually thought of a family member that compared so closely with Dee. We





can easily compare the fiction of “Everyday Use” with people of today by understanding that


social classification happens in every family, whether in fiction or real families.


In the opening of the story, Maggie and her mother, the narrator of the story, are waiting


for Maggie’s sister to arrive. No doubt they have spent all morning cooking and cleaning in


anticipation of making a good impression on Dee and her boyfriend or husband (they are unsure


of which). Many families usually have on member who has moved away to a larger city and only


comes home to the country (emphasis added) for special occasions to grace everyone with their


more sophisticated(emphasis added) presence. Maggie is a humble, homely girl who loves her


sister, but is jealous of her always getting her way. Sibling rivalry happens in every home in


which there is more than one child. The mother describes herself as a hard working woman, used


to doing as much as a man. Dee would rather she look more feminine, but mother feels like Dee


is ashamed of her. Have you ever been ashamed of your mother for being overweight, not


wearing the best of clothing, or driving a older model car?


When Dee arrives, she is dressed in a brightly colored dress that touched the ground, with


large gold earrings and bracelets. Dee knows that she will be better dressed than her mother or


her sister. Why would she knowingly try to dress better? Is it done to embarrass her family, or


just to make it clear without words that she has the financial means to have more than they have?


Dee makes the announcement that she no longer wants to be named after white people,


but wants to be called Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo, an African name. The mother recalls three


generations of women that Dee was named after and that the name could have carried back in the


generations before the Civil War. Many children at some time or another want to change their


name for some far-fetched reason, whether it is because someone has picked on them, or people


keep mispronouncing it or like Dee wanting a name from her heritage.


Dee, Wangero, is treating the visit home, like she has stepped back in time and nothing


has changed but herself. She tells her friend about times when her family could not afford to do


better, even though her mother and sister still can not afford to do any better. After the meal,


Wangero proceeds to tell her mother that she wants several everyday things that mother and


Maggie still use for daily living, so that she can decorate her home with them. This is what we


would normally do with antiques. When Wangero stated that she was going to take two hand


made quilts, Maggie was hurt because she knew that Dee would be given them, because Dee


always got everything that she wanted. The quilts were to be a wedding gift for Maggie and John


Thomas. After hearing Dee and her mother talk about the quilts, Maggie goes ahead and offers


the quilts to Dee. When Maggie’s mother sees her expression, she is hit with the fact that


Maggie has always given in to Dee and she decides that it is not going to happen this time. She


hugs her youngest daughter and takes the quilts from Dee and gives them to Maggie. Sometimes


as mothers we do unknowingly show favoritism between our children. We may feel that one


child needs more than another. Dee conveniently forgets that she was offered a quilt when she


went away to college and she turned it down because it was old.


The story is concluded by Dee telling them that they do not understand their heritage and that


they have so many opportunities now as black females. Dee does not understand that her mother


and sister are part of her true heritage. Maggie and her mother would rather live one day at a


time in a life that time has past by than to try to live in Dee’s world. Can you identify more with


Dee or with Maggie and her mother? We can relate this story to real life by understanding that


social clasification takes place in all walks of life.


Please note that this sample paper on An Analysis of Everyday Use is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on An Analysis of Everyday Use, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on An Analysis of Everyday Use will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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