Evolution vs Creationalism
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Niles Eldredge believes in evolution, which states that all science is theory; he also believes that creationism should not be taught in a classroom environment. Many creationists disagree; over this heated debate that has been going on since the idea of evolution. “Although technological advances since 15 have been prodigious, and although science news magazines are springing up like toadstools, the American public appears to be badly informed about the real nature of science as it ever was” (p. 516). I agree with Niles Eldredge that evolution should be taught in the school system over creationism. “Much of the success of recent creationists efforts lies in a prior failure to educate our children about science � how it is done, by whom, and how its results are to be interpreted” (517).
Eldredge states that evolution is only a theory. “To the charge the ‘evolution is only a theory’, we say ‘all science is theory’. Theories are ideas or complex sets of ideas, which explain some aspect of the natural world” (p. 51). Eldredge shows the reader that, “All biologists, including biochemists, molecular geneticists, physiologists, behaviorists, and anatomists, see a pattern of similarity interlocking the spectrum of millions of species, from bacteria to timber wolves”(51). He continues to inform us that, “All forms of life have the nuclei acid RNA. One major branch of life, the vertebrates, all share backbones. All mammals have three inner ear bones, hair, and mammary glands” (51). It seems that evolution comes with some scientific proof, even though; it is still only a theory. Evolution is a process of change in a certain direction, a historical development of a biological group, and it is a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other pre-existing types, and that the distinguishable differences are due to modification in successive generations.
“Creationists, of course, have an alternative explanation for this order permeating life’s diversity. It is simply the way the supernatural creator chose to pattern life” (51). They continue to say “...evolution is only a theory. Scientists cannot agree on all details either of the exact course of evolutionary, history, of how evolution actually takes place’” (518). They continue on to say “Creationists then declare that many scientists have grave doubts that evolution actually [has] occurred … They argue that since evolution is only a theory, why not, in the spirit of fair play, give equal time to equally plausible explanation of the origin of the cosmos, of life on earth, and of mankind” (518). Creationists believe that God created everything, I feel that more people would believe their theory if they had physical evidence to prove their theory. “No form of creationism even remotely qualifies for inclusion in a science curriculum” (50). Some schools are letting teachers adopt the “equal time”. “Increasingly, teachers are left to their own discretion, and whether out of personal conviction, a desire to be ‘fair’, or fear of parental reprisal, they are teaching creationism along with evolution in their biology classes. It is simply the path of least resistance” (50). I feel that this theory; if taught at all in public schools should be taught to students in high school or older, so they can make their own opinion about which theory they believe and which one they do not believe.
“Biologists of all disciplines agree to a remarkable degree on the outlines of this theory, the so�called ‘modern synthesis’. In a nutshell, this was a vindication of Darwin’s original position that evolution is predominantly an affair of gradual progressive change. As environmental conditions changed, natural selection favored those variants best suited to new conditions. Thus evolutionary change is fundamentally adaptive” (51-). I feel that creationism should not be taught within the public school system. Evolution in the other hand; while not a finally theory, has more credibility then creationism and should be taught in the public school system. Creationism should be continued to be taught at Sunday schools, and in private schools, where religion is accepted by the attendee’s choice. “If the public were more aware that scientist are expected to disagree, that what a scientist writes today is not the last word, but a progress report on some very intensive thinking and investigation, creationists would be far less successful in injecting an authoritarian system of belief into curricula supposedly devoted to free, open rational inquiry into the nature of natural things” (p. 5).
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recommendations for corparate social responsibilty regarding shell
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We have highlighted in this report all about Shell’s ‘unethical’ environmental and alleged socially unacceptable practices, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. But, has Shell recognised its wrongdoings and bad practices and the implications of these actions on the local environment and population?
Over the last eight years, Shell has undergone a massive change in its projected public image. In the last decade Shell was frequently receiving media attention for all the wrong reasons, from Brent Spar to human rights in Nigeria. However, Shell has worked hard to convince the world’s press and governments that it now practices sound social and environmental decisions.
In doing so Shell has internationally committed itself to many, publicly seen as ‘ethical’ ideals. For instance in 15, Shell announced that as an organisation it would practice the idea of ‘Sustained Development’. This is the concept within a business that growth and economic values are based on environmental quality. As a practice, this concept discourages natural resource consumption and high energy use.
Although, this idea at face value is excellent, in that it gives a good framework for environmental decisions, many of the world’s population may not understand what the ideals of sustained development are. As Shell is one of the world’s largest natural resource consumers it is contradictory, as one of its targets for 00 was a % increase in production of oil. Shell met this target by acquiring Enterprise Oil UK. As a concept and ideal, sustained development is there to provide guidelines, as mentioned earlier one of which is to discourage the consumption of natural resources. Shell cannot fully commit to this practice, as its main product is a natural resource. It seems laughable that shell even forwarded the concept in the first place as a basis for their environmental decision making.
If Shell is to practice this ideal successfully then it must actively promote the use of renewable sources of energy. It must be at the forefront of research into developing new sources of energy that won’t have negative impacts on the environment and its occupants. It must learn and be willing to show how to make these sources of energy available to the world’s population in an efficient and economical way.
In society today, concerns for the environment and the rights of workers and many stakeholders, are now being made aware to organisations on a larger and more frequent scale than ever before. It is therefore imperative that new models must be applied, and values and methods changed in order for organisations to deal with these concerns effectively.
In the case of Shell and its wrongdoings in Nigeria, the organisation has viewed the situation from a singular perspective, and that is of financial gain. This drive for profits in this region would have been enhanced as Nigeria as a country was not economically developed. Shell has attempted to abstract itself from the scenario, and distance itself from the controversial issues that have arisen due to the company’s actions in the region.
In distancing itself from the problem, it has led to Shell ‘relying solely on local site managers to sort out problems that are clearly beyond them’. Resolving these problems, experienced international personnel must meet with the local community in the Niger Delta, local site managers and representatives from the local government. Only by doing so can some of the cognitive barriers in place be removed, so that the situation can be dealt with as unique, and not simply one mass of ‘awkward’ information. A meeting such as this would enable quantifiable, measured results to be obtained, and more importantly for the ‘Ogoni’ people changes that they can see and feel, that are beneficial to them.
The demand for oil around the globe is immense and as long as this need is still present, oil companies such as shell will exist. As a result, these companies will still search for areas such as the Niger River Delta and more recently the Tarim Basin in Northwest China to extract their wealth.
In this process, such areas will occasionally suffer from environmental disasters as accidents do and will happen. However many can be prevented by using safe and modern up to date equipment. Many of the 76 oil spills that have happened in Nigeria between 161-1 have occurred on pipes that are almost 0 years old.
In the Shell annual report 00 it stated ‘… to give proper regard to health, safety and the environment consistent with are commitment to contribute to sustainable development’, this indicates that shell obviously understands the requirement of safe equipment. Unfortunately the Ogoni people in Nigeria have suffered an average of 4 oil spills per week on their homeland, often destroying the livelihoods of many a family.
Shell must be more responsive to these disasters in all aspects from cleaning up and returning the environment to it’s a original state, to compensating the local community for any loss or damages they may have incurred due to shells actions. Reaction times from shell must also improve, as in the case of Bernard Agbagwa he reported a spillage on the 8/08/00 and three years later is still waiting for shell to take action. Mr Agbagwa is 0 years old.
So, what can shell do to improve its stance on human rights, its performance concerning this aspect in Nigeria has been well documented. Shell is finally beginning to admit that it has to take action. Sir Phillip Watts has commented on the need for international regulation on corporate social responsibility, so that markets can work properly and meet society’s needs.
In order to help build relations with the Ogoni people Shell must publicly call for and cooperate in, an independent judicial inquiry into the situation in Ogoni, including the role of Shell staff and contractors, as well as the security forces, in past human rights violations. Shell must adopt company policies in support of human rights and establish procedures to ensure that company activities do not result in future human rights abuses
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Dow Corning: Product Liability
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As a board member of Dow Corning, I vote in favor of the proposed class action settlement. If you consider the benefits associated with this option they far outweigh the costs of declining the settlement. By late 1, 10,000 suits were filed against manufacturers of breast implants. When you consider the amount of time that would be forfeited in dealing with all the cases individually it is an absolute waste. We as a firm need to bite the bullet and pay for our negligence, regardless if we believe that we were at fault or not. The individual law suits that would undoubtedly last for what would seem like an eternity will promote negative publicity for our entire company and slander our company name. In reality we have more to lose if we don’t accept this settlement. There is also a considerable outside risk associated with prolonged litigation and you have to ask yourself how long you would want the aftermath to linger. The possibility of women opting out should not be given much attention. Past instances show that it is more difficult to enter into a lawsuit on your own rather than being part of a class action suit. The jury could possibly view these individuals as being greedy and possessing thoughts that our generous settlement was not good enough for them. As a member of the board, I strongly recommend the acceptance of this proposed settlement.
Financially it is in our best interest to go ahead with the settlement. The cost of litigations more than doubled from 11 to 1 and in 1 it drastically increased by $571 million. By means of careful planning we have set aside an implant reserve that totals $1.1 billion. The proposed settlement calls for a total fund of $4.5 billion where our contribution would total around $ billion. In hopes that our insurance company will pay for half of our payment we can be expected to pay around $1 billion. Financially the best option for us is to accept the settlement because we already have the necessary funds on reserve. If you add up the costs of each separate lawsuit they would greatly exceed the $ billion settlement. We must also ask ourselves how important this product is to our company. In 170 medical implants accounted for only 1% of our total sales. In 1 we announced we were dropping out of the breast implant business altogether which proves that this product is not worth the risk.
Bearing in mind that the scientific evidence that would be brought to the juror’s attention during trial would not work to our advantage, it gives us even more reason to accept the settlement. The internal memos that have surfaced will show the jury that we were aware of the diminished quality of our products, “When will we learn at Dow Corning that making a product just good enough always leads to products that are not quite good enough?” Although at times we made valiant attempts to correct the defected products, the evidence will work against us.
Everyone at DCC follows the Corporate Code of Conduct that was first introduced in 176 and we have prided ourselves on our high level of ethical behavior. Though some individuals may disagree, DCC acted in the most ethical way possible. We sought ways to reduce potentially harmful products by strengthening the outer walls of the implant to decrease the occurrence of ruptures and actively worked to correct gel bleed in our products. “Safe does not mean risk free”, DCC and the public were aware of the potential risks but their decisions were guided by the benefits. We have an obligation to our customers and the medical community as a whole. It is our responsibility to inform customers and distributors of potential hazards.
The situation that DCC is facing has become all too common over the years. The media continues to do what they do so well; exasperate the public while creating generalized anxiety among the two million women with breast implants. Newspaper headlines and television news reports formed a false picture of our company. The media led the public to believe we were unethical and undaunted by the well-being of our customers. Thus, the media helped create the spark that fueled the flame of thousands of individual lawsuits.
The onslaught of lawsuits against the breast implant community turned the heads of the legal community. Billboards advertised legal services that were aimed directly at women with breast implants. In general attorneys filed suits on a contingency basis in which they would receive anywhere between 5%-40% of their clients compensatory and punitive damages. We could not depend on the jury to rule in our favor because they tend to base their decisions on the sympathy they would possess for the numerous women. On the other hand, the judge presiding over the cases would be more inclined to rule more objectively.
Interest groups had mixed emotions regarding their stance on the DCC controversy. The Public Citizen group fought hard against our company. They obtained internal company studies that suggested that silicone was in fact cancerous. Public Citizen created a “How to Sue” kit which contained potentially incriminating evidence to aid women in their legal battle with DCC. Odd as it sounds several breast cancer support groups backed DCC. They presented evidence that .5% of women with breast implants were in fact satisfied with the product. Some women argued that it was a violation of women’s rights to choose what was best for her body. It is quite difficult to hold doctors accountable for the complications associated with breast implants. Because memories pertaining to specific patient consolations fade over time, the cases against the physicians rarely hold up in court. Driven by the power of money plaintiffs soon realize that doctors lack the financial prowess to fund numerous claims therefore the plaintiffs set their sights on the deeper pockets of large corporations.
Economically the product liability system should function similar to that of an insurance policy like our class action settlement. The established funds will serve to compensate those individuals that were injured. This system provides the manufacturer with an incentive to produce a safer product but unfortunately, some firms are forced to drop out of the industry because of either possible risks or lack of resources.
Politically the product liability system takes on the role of a lottery, which clearly demonstrates the “big gains to few, small costs to many” concept. Many cases show signs of opposing factions but in the end an equitable solution is rarely achieved. Society overall will not benefit from the politically based product liability system and productivity and innovation will be impacted negatively. Prices will ultimately increase and the potential for new and innovative products will drop considerably. In order to protect the overall benefits of society an apposite balance must occur between cooperation and competition.
Please note that this sample paper on Dow Corning: Product Liability is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Dow Corning: Product Liability, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Dow Corning: Product Liability will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.
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George Armani
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Giorgio Armani is the one largest Italian designer group. Currently, they hold a billion dollars a year company in the fashion market. Their customers are mostly well-educated and wealthy individuals. Although they are doing pretty well with their current target market, it is not big enough to restore their lost market share. Their new target market will by Generation X (Armani Exchange). This segment is composed of 1% of total US population with annual disposable income of 15 billion per year.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. CURRENT MARKETING STRATEGY
A. INITIAL PURPOSE
B. CORE COMPETENCIES
C. CURRENT/POTENTIAL CUSTOMER/PRODUCT
D. KEY MARKET RESEARCH FINDING
II. PRODUCT FEATURES AND BENEFITS
A. PRODUCT POSITIONING
B. PRICING
C. CUSTOMER SERVICE
D. PROFITABILITY
E. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
F. IMAGE
G. PROMOTIONAL
III. S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS
A. KEY COMPETITORS
B. RELEVANT MACRO ENVIRONMENT
IV. SEGMENTATION, TARGETING, AND POSITIONING
I. SITUATION ANALYSIS & HISTORY
A. INITIAL PURPOSE
“Giorgio Armani began a free-lance design business in 170 with the encouragement of his close friend Sergio Galeotti, and established his own mens wear label in 174. He gradually adapted his designs for women and added the womens wear line in 175, in partnership with Galeotti.?(Krebs, 10-7)
B. CORE COMPETENCIES
There are many core competencies that Giorgio Armani possesses. Its main core competency is its bond with its customers. Being that it is the top Italian fashion designer promotes a strong positive image of its products, because of its product’s quality and the ability to design innovative features quickly.
C. CURRENT/POTENTIAL CUSTOMER/PRODUCT
Giorgio Armani offers a variety of fashion lines with high quality and both custom-made and prete-a-porter. The exclusive lines are
?Armani Alta Moda (haute couture)
?Borgonuovo 1
?Giorgio Armani
?Le Collezioni (diffusion), since 17
?Mani (diffusion)
?Emporio Armani (diffusion, younger customer, worldwide), since 184
?A/X Armani Exchange (basics, United States only)
?Giorgio Armani U.S.A. (lower priced)
?Armani Jeans
?Armani Neve (winter sportswear), since 16
?Armani Golf (sportswear), since 16
?Classico, since 16
D. KEY MARKET RESEARCH FINDINGS
Eg. There are many different types of Armani customers.
Median Age N years
Median household income $K
Median personal income $K
Male N%
Married N% (single N%, widowed /divorced N%)
Household with Children N%
College graduate or some college education N%
II. PRODUCT FEATURES AND BENEFITS
A. PRODUCT POSITIONING
Giorgio Armani’s products are highly positioned. As a high-end fashion group where high dividends come in at an extremely high cost, the wide line of products cover up all niches for the high-end target market.
B. PRICING
The price of Giorgio Armani is not cheap. The suggested retail prices range from about $100 to $100,000.
C. CUSTOMER SERVICE
The fashion shows are held throughout the world are not only for fashion magazines journalists to get together but for customers too. This also enables Armani executives to interact and get suggestion from customers to improve their products.
D. PROFITABILITY
Sales of the Armani-Group in 18 amounted to 540 billion Lira ($1574 million), up 1.4% from 1. Garments accounted for about 1700 billion Lira ($1054 million), and accessories for about 840 billion Lira ($50 million). In 001, the group sales, including sales from licensed products rose to about 500 billion Lira ($. billion). The Armani-Group also includes the Sportswear Company Simint, which handles all of Armanis informal lines. Armani himself holds 5% of the Simint assets. Simint was rated the best performing stock at the Milan exchange, with an annual increase of 1% with respect to the stock price. While Simint produces the Armani Jeans line, the Armani Junior label and the Emporio Armani mens wear, the Emporio womens clothes are produced by the Antinea (sales in 001 00 billion Lira), a 100% Armani offspring. Giorgio Armani S.p.A. develops the Armani labels. In 18, Giorgio Armani S.p.A. showed a 0% growth in sales to 10 billion Lira ($884 million), thus doubling its sales figures of 17. Two years later sales were at 10 billion Lira ($1180 million), increasing another 5% to 400 billion Lira ($1556 million) in 001. Pre-tax profits for the Giorgio Armani S.p.A. marked 650 billion Lira ($4 million). (Krebs, 10-0)
E. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
“The biggest export market for Armani is the United States, where Armani labels are sold at 1000 points of sale. In 15, Armani had 6 outlets carrying the exclusive Giorgio Armani and Borgonuovo-1 lines. Emporio Armani outlets numbered 11 in 15, with 54 in Italy and in Japan. This figure rose to 145 stores in 001 and is planned to be increased by 8 in the near future. A/X Armani Exchange used to be sold only in the United States. In 14, the A/X-stores were taken over by Club 1 USA, Inc., but continuously struggled to compete with lower-priced competitors like Banana Republic. Today, Armani intends to open up even more A/X-outlets, also introducing them to customers in Asia for the first time. (Krebs, 10-0)
“The first freestanding store for Giorgio Armani’s Mani by Giorgio Armani and Collezioni Giorgio Armani collections has been opened in London.?(Fallon, 11-10-01)
“Collezioni and Mani represent 7 percent of the company’s profits?(Fallon, 11-10-01)
“The London store is owned by Club 1, the retail empire of Christina Ong that owns the Emporio Armani and Giorgio Armani stores in the UK.?(Fallon, 11-10-01)
“The fundamental reason for the opening the Collezioni stores is that we wanted to present this collection of clothing and accessories for men and women together in its own unified space, he said. Collezioni customers are made up primarily of young professionals who often have little at hand to shop. Therefore a store that offers a big variety of compatible, high quality products obviously is very convenient for customers.?(Fallon, 11-10-01)
“The freestanding London store is at 4-44 New Bond Street, near to the new cK Calvin Klein store as well as the upcoming Versace Jeans Couture and Tommy Hilfiger stores. Other designer shops nearby include Polo Ralph Lauren, Emporio Armani and Ermenegildo Zegna.?= Donna Karan (Fallon, 11-10-01)
F. IMAGE
“Armanis fashions have set the tone for a global dressing down. In the corporate America of the late 0th century, he was perhaps the only man who could challenge dress-for-success guru John Molloy and win. And it is from the springboard of Armani designs that fashion will leap into the next century.
If French designer Gabrielle Chanel liberated women from stays and long dresses, it was Armani who offered them professional fashion equality without bending their gender.?Griffin, 5-5-00)
“What made Armani a star among designers was his unpadded, unstructured jacket. At a time when Italian men still were battling a stereotypical greasy image, Armani single-handedly cleaned up the look.?(Griffin, 5-5-00)
“After years of rummaging through 0th-century styles to turn out retro-inspired trends, fashion designers have run smack into the designs most women still have in their closets power suits.?(Griffin, -0-00)
“Now theyve taken a flying leap into the mid-180s, era of the career woman, with strong suits, high heels and pricey accessories.?(Griffin, -0-00)
“Women probably will not be able to recycle whats left in their closets from the 80s, however. Key changes, sometimes ever so slight, make all the difference in the look.?(Griffin, -0-00)
“Next, he translated the jacket for a womans body, then tossed it over easy skirts and trousers. It gave modern woman an alternative to uptight luncheon suits with peplums and stiff fabrics. While the shoulders, lapels, vents, fit, lengths, fabrics and closures _ all the design elements of the jacket _ have changed through the years, the words Armani jacket instantly conjure an image in the minds of the fashion cognoscenti.?(Griffin, 5-5-00)
“There are no warpaint, feathers or beads, but mens clothes tell everyone what tribe theyve in.?Teliga, -5-8)
“EMPORIO ARMANI The less expensive label of the Italian designer Giorgio Armani, renowned for his elegant soft tailoring and deconstruction of the stiff business suit. Colin Bertram, menswear manager, Emporio Armani?(Teliga, -5-8)
“The look For menswear its very straightforward, nothing overtly fashiony yet more body-conscious (this season). It is always Armani so it is always going to be understated.
The customer Anyone between 18 and 70 who is interested in fashion and style but wants to wear the clothes rather than the clothes wearing them. Tends to be an urban customer - advertising executives to merchant bankers.?(Teliga, -5-8)
G. PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS
“The crowning coup of his advertising strategy this sprung will be to underwrite the entire issue of Time Atlantic’s 75th anniversary edition, slated to hit newsstands March and reach more than 65000 readers in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.?(Forden, -0-8)
“This operation is in the Armani tradition of taking dominant or exclusive positions in key issues of important magazines.?(Forden, -0-8)
“Armani appeared on the cover of the magazine in April 18 and aha advertised there over the years to reach a broad readership, particularly men, who are mote difficult to target with traditional positions in fashion magazines.?(Forden, -0-8)
“The Time project is the kingpin in a veritable blitz of ventures across Europe in which Armani is the sole advertiser. Last fall, he took the entire section of The Sunday Times of London. In Italy last month, Armani appeared as the exclusive advertiser in weekly news magazine L’Espresso, Milan financial Il Sole 4 Ore, daily newspaper La Republicca and its weekly weekend magazine D. Armani bought an entire issue of Le Monde last month to the opening of the Emporio Armani boutique and caf?in the legendary Publicis drugstore site on Paris?Left bank.?(Forden, -0-8)
“Time has agreed to send the issue to a VIP list of some 10,000 people, including heads of state in Europe, the Middle East and Africa; chief executives officers of Fortune Global 500 companies; members of the European Parliament, and senior managers across Europe.?(Forden, -0-8)
At the 70th Academy Awards, “Armani dressed Matt Damon and Ben Affleck, Oscar winners for best original screenplay for Good Will Hunting.?(Williams, -5-8)
“Nabbing these two was clearly a coup for Armani. Affleck and Damon could be the Gen X’s version of Paul Newman and Robert Redford.?(Williams, -5-8)
II. S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS?Strong positive image of the product ? WEAKNESSES?Inability to access secondary markets.?
OPPORTUNITIES?Aiming for the smallest consumer segment of all- the individual? THREATS?Fashion industry is not a stable market. ?
A. KEY COMPETITORS
Giorgio Armani’s main competitors are Italian and French houses of design.
“He is known as a workaholic, who can sometimes be rude and arrogant. His dislike of fellow Italian designers Gianni Versace and Valentino has recently been suppressed for the benefit of the international press.?(Krebs, 10-7)
“The freestanding London store is at 4-44 New Bond Street, near to the new cK Calvin Klein store as well as the upcoming Versace Jeans Couture and Tommy Hilfiger stores. Other designer shops nearby include Polo Ralph Lauren, Emporio Armani and Ermenegildo Zegna.?= Donna Karan (Fallon, 11-10-7)
“In 14, the A/X-stores were taken over by Club 1 USA, Inc., but continuously struggled to compete with lower-priced competitors like Banana Republic.?(Fallon, 11-10-7)
B. RELEVANT MACRO ENVIRONMENT
“Price has become important in the 17 Italian fashion market. The Italian lira is at a 0% high rate because of its re-entry in Europe’s Exchange Rate Mechanism. Italian consumers have also become value conscious and fashion designers Giorgio Armani and Gianfranco Ferre plan to decrease their prices accordingly. Armani will decrease prices 10% to 0%.?Conti, 1-1-6)
?Italy and the EU partners agreed last month to fix the lira at 0 against the mark ?a rate that is still competitive, but not as much as before?The French, who had lobbied in Brussels last month for an even stronger lira, said their Italian competitors had an unfair edge when it came to exports.?(Conti, 1-1-6)
“In fact, some fashion houses are looking at the bright side of the new lira. Imports such as leather, cotton and silk will cost less, companies will no longer have to play a guessing game about the lira’s exchange rate when they fix their prices for the next year, and the Italian economy as a whole will be perceived as more stable.?(Conti, 1-1-6)
?EU nations taking part in the European Monetary Union, scheduled for Jan. 1, 1.?(Conti, 1-1-6)
IV. SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING
MISSION
Eg. Giorgio Armani’s mission is to build a trusting relationship with its business partners.
MARKETING GOALS CONSISTENT WITH MISSION
Eg. The main marketing goal of Giorgio Armani is spreading. In order to support their mission, they need to achieve the following satisfy customer desires, strengthen their relationships with customers, and improve the quality of their designs as well as keeping up with the increasing demand.
“With a group of well-diversified customers, Giorgio Armani has a highly differentiated market segment. Each product is designed according to the needs and desire of their customers, in order to fit them within their segments.
Armani wants to expand the number of his stores significantly. Most visibly, he opened up two huge flagship stores in New York City on Madison Avenue, one for the top line and one for Emporio Armani. Armani seemingly pursues the establishment of a lifestyle brand Armani. This movement is reflected in the various attempts to offer a wide variety of products under the Armani-label. Such as the in 16 introduced Armani Neve winter sportswear line, the Armani Golf sportswear line (both produced previously by Skinea and now by Simint), and the introduction of custom-made bridal gowns, as part of the Borgonuovo-1 line. Also, Classico, a new luxurious and costly line for men and women will be introduced. Here, Armani wants to offer modern interpretations of classic designs. In addition, Armani sells a wide range of home accessories under the Emporio Armani-label. In 17, the first Armani Jeans store in Rome, Italy also included a Armani book shop, selling publications about various artistic subjects, like fashion and photography.?(Krebs, 10-7)
“Top Italian fashion houses plan to expand sales and distribution by moving into secondary markets outside of the key fashion centers. Giorgio Armani and Versace, for example, plan to open boutiques in cities to sell toned-down fashions priced 0% to 40% less than their top lines.?Forden, -4-8)
“Many of Italy’s major apparel houses are working on ways to further penetrate their traditional markets in Europe and the US by moving into secondary cities.?(Forden, -4-8)
“It also means they can achieve a more capillary penetration in areas where the top collection can’t go.?(Forden, -4-8)
PRICING
Eg. When considering what pricing strategy to use, there were several steps that needed to be followed in order to come up with a price that would satisfy both the target market and Armani itself. When identifying pricing constrains, I took into consideration that there is an increasing demand for Armani cloths.
DISTRIBUTION
Eg. Giorgio Armani has an indirect channel distribution where licensed dealers act as the intermediary between the manufacturer and its customers.
PROMOTION
Traditionally, Giorgio Armani has somewhat only used traditional advertising to market their lines. This would reach only a selected group of customers, mainly those who are very enthusiastic about fashion. The goal is to target a whole new segment of possible fashion enthusiasts, Generation X. To do this they need to change the way they have been advertising their products.
Armani has rarely used television and radio for promoting their products. I agree in continuing with that concept, to an extent. In targeting the generation X, they need to find a medium which the Xers use frequently. Television is the biggest medium for this group. However because Armani should not lose their mysterious image, they should not use commercials. Instead they should use a more “slick?way. I thought about using prime stars from TV shows such as “Friends? “Seinfield? and “ER?those that generation X watches, to project the “ideal?Armani image. The popularity of the shows and the role that these shows play in shaping the lives of people is tremendous. Xers identify themselves with the people that they see on television. The actors have made certain hairstyles popular, and even the type of clothes they wear popular. Therefore, by having the cast wearing their designs in the shows, should encourage Xers to want to own a Harley too.
The other medium is magazines. The magazines that I would use to target this segment are Sports Illustrated, GQ, Cosmopolitan, Esquire, Business Week and so on.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Krebs, Jost Giorgio Armani. Hyper Fashion - October 17 Ed. http//www.unibw-muenchen.de/campus/WOW/v1041/hyper/armani.html
Conti, Samantha GFT license for Armani women’s lines not settled. WWD - April , 17. v17 n78 p17 (1)
Daily News Record, Armani, GFT weigh name change for NY-based unit.- Sara Gay Forden, July 16th , 17. v7 n85 p15 (1)
WWD, Armani, GFT weigh new name for Giorgio Armani Fashion Corp.-Sara Gay Forden, July 15th, 17. v174 n10 p1(1)
WWD, It’s time for Armani ad blitz.- Sara Gay Forden, Feb. 0th, 18. v175 n p1(1).
Daily News Record, New Sunshine Boys, The, Stan Williams.-March 5, 18. n6 p8 (1)
Houston Chronicle, Accent Armani The man behind the jacket, Linda GillanGriffin. May 5,17. p.
Houston Chronicle, Welcome back WONDER WOMAN.-Linda Gillan Griffin. March 0, 7. p1
Sydney Morning Herald. Tribes Man. Jane De Teliga. Feb.5, 7. p1
WWD. Italian’s far-reaching plans.-Sara Gay Forden. Feb. 4, 18. v175 n5 p4B
Daily News Record London store sets new marketing direction for Armani; first freestanding unit for Collezioni and Mani collections. James Fallon. Nov. 10, 17. V7 n15 p
WWD Italian fashion houses beset by higher lira, tight-fisted shopper. Samantha Conti, Dec. 1, 16. v17 n1 p1.
C. HISTORY
Late events “Giorgio Armani Fashion Corp (Armani USA) is entirely controlled by GFT, as well as the overseas distribution of the men’s and women’s diffusion collections, Giorgio Armani Le Collezioni, and the men’s bridge line, Mani.?(Forden, 7-16-7)
“Turin based GFT, also manufactures for Valentino, Calvin Klein, Emanuel Ungaro, Joseph Abboud and Nino Cerruti, among others.?(Forden, 7-16-7)
“The Giorgio Armani business represents around $64 million of GFT’s total sales. GFT’s US Armani business totals around $185 million.?(Forden, 7-15-7)
“Talks of the change comes when the industry is rife with speculation over the future of Armani’s women’s license with GFT, which has been up for renewal since March 17.?(Forden, 7-15-7) As rumors indicate, “Armani was beefing up capacity at Antinea, his directly owned manufacturer. The facility currently produces the Emporio Armani collection and there is speculation that it could also take on production of the women’s diffusion collection next year.?(Forden, 7-15-7)
“GFT managing director, .., announced the formation of Gruppo Industriale Marzotto, which will be GFT’s new parent company.?(Conti, 4--7)
GIM (Gruppo Industiale Marotto), was “created from the fusion of HPI - - an industrial holding that contains GFT and Fila - - and Marotto.?(Conti, 4--7)
“Armani is GFT’s most important licensee.?(Conti, 4--7)
“The main Armani lines are produced by Italys largest manufacturer of designer garments, Gruppo GFT. Armani garments account for about 0% of GFT sales and are therefore GFTs most important license. In 14, Armani tried to take over GFT with the help of American investors, presumably to help out Armanis sportswear affiliate, Simint, which had gotten into financial trouble at the time. Simint is now recovering, after cutting its staff, changing its distribution structure, and concentrating its production in Italy. An economic turnaround could be achieved, which resulted in 15/16 in sales of 55 billion Lira ($160 million) and turning a loss of 4 billion Lira ($16 million) in the previous year to a net profit 5.4 billion Lira ($.5 million). Sales for the fiscal year 16/17 are expected to be 180 billion Lira ($117 million). Armani is said to be interested in expanding his own production capabilities. For that purpose, Armani is expected either to shift the production of his main lines from GFT to Simint or Antinea or he might take over stock from GFT, who are expected to make such an offer in order to keep their most profitable client.?(Krebs, 10-7)
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is porn an art?
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Do you use Playboy or Playgirl magazine to actually read? Probably not! You look at it for private personal reasons. Should woman be glorified by showing their naked bodies? I don’t think so. Woman showing their nude bodies and moaning during sex on a pornographic film are not glorifying themselves. The following reasons are why I believe porno is not an art. First, kids should have nothing to do with it. Second, it definitely degrades women and finally it promotes an unhealthy environment for people by using violence. Now that you know what I will be talking about lets move on to the first issue.
Porno and children do not mix very well. Since Pornographic pictures were first thought of, mothers have been trying to stop kids from watching or looking at them. For example, Steve Chapman said, “ Teenage males who watch porn and masterbate tend to have sex earlier than they are supposed to and tend to be more violent toward woman.” Many people believe that porn has a bad influence on kids because they think it is ok to have sex casually. Also, after a kids watch porn, they will call their girlfriends up and tell them to come over and they will try to act it out. They will try out the different positions, and we all know that a kid can get hurt doing that, those aren’t the easiest positions. Another problem with kids and porn is “kiddie porn” which is kids actually in the porn. Some parents put their kids in porn which is awful to do. These parents would be called pedafiles. Most of the kids in kiddie porn are runaways trying to make easy money.
The second reason I think porn is not a form of art is it degrades woman. Women in porn are known to be sluts. It’s the same with men but we don’t see it that way because we have a double standard, it ok for men but not for women. First of all, most of the girls in porn just look like sluts, they should set a good example and be a role model. If they have a young daughter, would they want their daughter follow in there footsteps or a businesswomen’s footsteps. The viewers, producers, photograpghers and pretty much anyone don’t respect the female porn actors. For example, the porn star from the movie DEEP THROAT �linda marchiano said that her producer Mr. Trainor would treat her like crap. Wouldn’t pay her but would pay the male actor. She was pretty much a sex slave. Some women are forced to be in porn like Mrs Marchiano, all women should be equal to men.
Finally, the main reason I think porn is not an art is all the violence in it. Anything with violence should not be considered an art. Most anti porn activist agree that the best and most affective argument against porn is that there is evidence that porn and violence are linked. Whipping, beatings, rapes and snuff films are all violence in pornos. Some people believe that porno contributed to Ted Bundy’s killings. Bundy said “ I take full responsibility for whatever I’ve done. The ? and the issue is how this kind of pornographic literature contributed and helped my kind of violent behavior.” When people see porn for the first time, it seems shocking and disgusting at first. But after watching it several times it becomes to the viewer a common place and the pain or humiliation of another person becomes unimportant. Also after viewing porn for the first time, the viewers want to see it be more brutalizing and hardcore after a while.
In conclusion, I have explained why I think that porn Is not an art. It degrades women, should have nothing to do with women and the violence makes it a unhealthy enviroment for everyone. If the number one group against any type of pornographic material is the pope, then u know that it is wrong.
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beers
Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in beers, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your beers paper at affordable prices !
Do you like to be taken advantage of? No, well you are, every time you look at an advertisement! We are being bombarded with hundreds of beer advertisements and commercial everyday. Alcohol ads appeal to those sensitive ads better than any other, from sex to just getting away, they take full advantage of their targeted groups needs.
Beer ads are using propaganda techniques and double speak in order to attract customers and sell their products. When you see an interesting ad about beer, you are tempted to try it. Propaganda is often accomplished by distortion of facts in order for people to believe the message advertisers are sending (McClintock 0). And double speak is obscure language that makes it seem to communicate, but really does not (Lutz 6).
Beer advertisements are the best at targeting young peoples needs. Advertisers will go as low as bringing cartoons in to promote their products or as scandalous as half-naked women. Whatever the case may be, beer companies are experts at exploiting the younger crowds of the world needs. The problem is teenagers as well as other people are seeing unbalanced and unrealistic messages about beers.
By seeing advertisements for Miller Genuine Draft and Corona, we can recognize similar propaganda techniques used by both companies. There is substantial number of similarities for these two ads, but there is also a great number of differences. Miller and Corona are two of the best exploiters of younger crowds. Both companies are highly educated in finding and advertising their targeted crowds needs. I found that Miller would try to appeal to more of sexual need then Corona. Whereas Corona advertisement appeals to peace of mind instead.
Both the advertisement for Miller Genuine Draft and Corona use what Author Annie McClintock calls “Glittering Generalities” in their ads. McClintock defines a Glittering Generality as an exciting word that makes no real statement, but sugarcoats the advertised product so that people want to try it ( 0). Can you imagine all those times when it was so hot outside, your feet were sticking to the ground, sweat was dripping of your body, and all you were trying to do was relax by the pool and catch some sun. When a gentlemen with an annoying pick up line comes up and begins to hit on you. And all you want to do is get away. Well the Miller Genuine Draft feels the same way about the situation, and suggests that you should put a cold-filtered bottle between yourself and the man. “Cold-filter what you don’t need. Keep what’s good”.
Corona ad just wants to take you away from your every day life, and offer you something relaxing. Corona ad uses the picture of some exotic place with ocean, palms trees, sandy beach and says “go someplace better”. Targeted groups are being effected, because advertisers are trying to convince them to try the product without thinking very much about the meaning of the glittering generalities.
Secondly, both the advertisement for Miller Genuine Draft and Corona use what author Annie McClintock calls “Card Stacking” in their advertisements. According to McClintock Card Stacking is statement that claims what you want your customers to hear, not the whole truth (05). Both ads are trying to appeal to customers’ senses. They are making you believe that beers are refreshing. Miller advertisement says, “Only cold-filtering gives you taste this pure, this refreshing.” It might be refreshing at the moment that you drink it, but after a few beers you will be drunk and there is nothing refreshing about that.
Corona advertisement is making you think about summer vocations. Corona is also making you believe that beers are refreshing, but they are not telling you about the consequences that come with drinking. Card sticking effects all beer consumers. People say what you don’t know can’t hurt you, but it is just a saying. People get hurt, because they are not beware of the truth.
Thirdly, both the advertisement for Miller and Corona use what author William Lutz calls doublespeak in their advertisements. ”Doublespeak is language that makes the bad seem good, negative appear positive, the unpleasant appear attractive or at least tolerable” (Lutz6). According to Lutz, “when a euphemism is used to mislead or deceive, it become doublespeak“
(7). Both advertisements are using misleading phrases and pictures in order to attract costumers. A Miller advertisement says, “live responsibly”. Does this phrase mean that they are concerned, or they just saying it avoid lawsuits? Most beer companies have one goal in mind and it is to sell beer. Advertisers are not really interested in affects and damages that their product causes. They are also misleading the male costumers with this picture. They are trying to make them think, if you drink Miller you can get the girl. Which is not true, drinking beer will not get you the hot girl.
Corona advertisement is misleading its customers with the picture. You can see Corona bottles at the right bottom of the page. Parking lot full of cars and some paradise place are making you imagine what would it be like to just jump in your car and go some place like this. I have to admit, advertisers did their job, because I fell for their ad. Doublespeak effects many people, because we all fall for images that are not realistic. At least it gives us a chance to imagine how would it be to go somewhere that is far from your chores and worries.
There are probably more differences than similarities between these two advertisements. They have different bottle designs. They also have different taste. Most people drink Corona with lime and salt. Corona is also more expensive than Miller. Corona is imported form Mexico, and is one of their best beers. Miller Genuine Draft is domestic beer, which is produced in Milwaukee.
Miller advertisement is better, because they targeted male population, which consumes more beer than any other group. I believe they choose the particular group and made the advertisement to meet their needs. They take your thoughts from your current life, but they also appeal to your senses. If I had to chose between these two advertisements, I would chose Miller Genuine Draft.
In conclusion, beer advertising is designed to provide information to consumers about particular type or brand of beer. It is a goal of advertiser to appeal to the customer in a manner that will sway him to purchase their product. Advertisers for Miller Genuine Draft and Corona use similar types of propaganda techniques in order to achieve their goal. Beer advertising should promote beer in a responsible manner, targeting toward adults of legal purchasing age, but sometimes they even target younger crowds.
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Body Image and Contemporary Society
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Body Image and Contemporary Society
We are living in a world filled with a lot of problems. The countries have political issues, families have relationship problems, and human beings have problems about body image. What makes them pay more attention to their outward appearance is the problem that we need to talk about. A person’s body image can be influenced very easily because we all want to look and feel our best; however, we live in a culture in America that puts too much emphasis on physical appearance, and it relies much on a set of ideal standards portrayed by the media. Peer pressure usually is also another influence besides the media.
As society progresses, the media is giving people more pressure to fit in with a standard image. There are numerous of advertisements emphasize thinness as a standard for female beauty and muscular as a standard for male, and often emphasize sexuality and the importance of physical attractiveness in an attempt to sell products. As result, there is growing awareness regarding the pressure women and girls, men and boys are under to appear skinny and muscular. For example, whenever watching TV shows, movies or magazines, there is always something to catch people’s attention to measure their body image. Often commercials only use women who are unhealthily skinny and men who are unrealistically muscular. These are so called “perfect” bodies that we are led to believe we must have in order to be beautiful. All these have led to the destruction of millions of people’s self-esteem, and led to numerous and serious health problems like anorexia and bulimia.
Moreover, according to “Thank Barbie for Britney” the media strongly influences children to act and dress like teens through advertisements and TV programs. Barbie and Britney Spears are leading the sexualization of young girls with their vampy images and attitudes. For example, my seven year old niece already knows how to dress and pose sexily like a super model and celebrity, and she always ask me for a Barbie instead of a baby doll. And her parents can do little to change her ideas because advertisers are selling their products directly to the children on children’s programs.
Peer pressure is also a very strong influence on our body image besides the media. We grow up surrounded by authority figures and peers who tell us the right way and wrong way to look which means that most of us are affected by what they have to say. We give into peer pressure because we want to be liked, to fit in, or because we worry that other people may make fun of us if we dont go along with the group. H.D. the author of “Dying to Be Bigger” is a good example. He starts taking drugs to get stronger and smoking because he wanted to fit in with the “cool” crowd. The idea that everyones doing it influences us to leave our better judgment, or our common sense, behind. For instance, my classmates have tattoos and they think it is cool when you have tattoos. I wanted to be cool, and to be part of them too, so I went to get two tattoos. At that moment I only think I will not be lonely at school, they will like me more after I have tattoos. Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to resist, and we can feel pressured to look and feel a certain way.
In fact, we do not live all alone, and human beings are social animals. As such, all of us have a basic desire to fit in and be accepted by other. Thus our society and our peers have very great influence on our body image, and we have to be very careful not to let this influence become so big as to be unhealthy both for women and men.
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poetry of emily dickinson
Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in poetry of emily dickinson, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your poetry of emily dickinson paper at affordable prices !
edfefrefDeath in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry
Emily Dickinson was largely known for her morbid writings that seemed to mirror her own life. Her best works were written after the death of a close friend or family member.
deceiving loves, and family members deaths greatly influenced her writings that were a mere attempt to let others know of her problems. The two poems “Because I could not stop for Death” and “I heard a Fly buzz when I Died” reflect the same subject matter but convey two substantially different
dickinson poetry Safe In Their Alabaster Chambers This poem, one of Dickinsons best-known works, contrasts the qualities of stillness with those of life. In the first stanza she emphasizes the timelessness of death; the meek members of the resurrection sleep in their coffins untouched
Death, Nature, and Love In the Writings of Emily Dickinson Not one of Emily Elizabeth Dickinson’s readers has met the woman who lived and died in Amherst, Massachusetts more than a century ago, yet most of those same readers who have come to understand her through her work feel as if they know her ...
Emily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Stephen Whitehead Mrs. Etheridge English Honors 10 0 April 001 Emily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Emily Dickinson was largely known for her morbid writings that seemed to mirror her own life. Her best works were written after the death of a close friend or family member ...
Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson made a large influence on poetry, she is known as one of America’s most famous poets. With close to two thousand different poems and one thousand of her letters to her friends that survived her death Emily Dickinson showed that she was a truly dedicatedEmily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Stephen Whitehead Mrs. Etheridge English Honors 10 0 April 001 Emily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Emily Dickinson was largely known for her morbid writings that seemed to mirror her own life. Her best works were written after the death of a close friend or family member ...
Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson made a large influence on poetry, she is known as one of America’s most famous poets. With close to two thousand different poems and one thousand of her letters to her friends that survived her death Emily Dickinson showed that she was a truly dedicatedEmily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Stephen Whitehead Mrs. Etheridge English Honors 10 0 April 001 Emily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Emily Dickinson was largely known for her morbid writings that seemed to mirror her own life. Her best works were written after the death of a close friend or family member ...
Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson made a large influence on poetry, she is known as one of America’s most famous poets. With close to two thousand different poems and one thousand of her letters to her friends that survived her death Emily Dickinson showed that she was a truly dedicatedEmily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Stephen Whitehead Mrs. Etheridge English Honors 10 0 April 001 Emily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Emily Dickinson was largely known for her morbid writings that seemed to mirror her own life. Her best works were written after the death of a close friend or family member ...
Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson made a large influence on poetry, she is known as one of America’s most famous poets. With close to two thousand different poems and one thousand of her letters to her friends that survived her death Emily Dickinson showed that she was a truly dedicatedEmily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Stephen Whitehead Mrs. Etheridge English Honors 10 0 April 001 Emily Dickinson The Lonely Poet Emily Dickinson was largely known for her morbid writings that seemed to mirror her own life. Her best works were written after the death of a close friend or family member ...
Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson made a large influence on poetry, she is known as one of America’s most famous poets. With close to two thousand different poems and one thousand of her letters to her friends that survived her death Emily Dickinson showed that she was a truly dedicated
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Spanking should not be an acceptable form of discipline.
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Spanking should not be an acceptable form of discipline. There are many ways to reasonably discipline a child. There are many reasons hitting a child is wrong. Hitting a child teaches them to become a hitter. Hitting a child teaches them to be a hitter because children learn behaviors and attitudes through observation and imitation of their parent’s actions for good or ill. It is the responsibility of a parent to set an example of wisdom, temperance and empathy when it comes to a child discipline. There has also been extensive research in studies done by the “natural kid project” that there is a direct correlation between corporal punishment in childhood and aggressive or violent behavior in teenage and adult years. It is the responsibility of a responsible parent to know and exemplify humane reasonable disciplinary actions. Spanking is seen to be a quick fix for some parent’s .It often takes a lot more effort, time and love to sit down with that child and talk. If talking does not produces acceptable results there are other alternatives. Many see spanking as an act of aggression, although many spankers excuse it as a natural form of discipline. Children are human beings also therefore they should be treated as so. Lashing out with a hand or belt is a behavior that should not be accepted. A parent cannot rationally justify why a child is exhibiting the same behavior such as hitting when they are in school or in public. Spanking is barbaric and inhumane. Physical punishment gives the unfair message that “Might makes right’ that it is acceptable to hurt someone else, when they are smaller and less powerful than you are. A child learns that it is ok to mistreat younger or smaller children. Often, when the child becomes an adult he feels little compassion for those less fortunate than he is, and he fears those that are more powerful. This often may hinder establishing any healthy relationships that are essential to an emotionally fulfilling life. Hitting children interferes with establishing and keeping a positive bond with parents. Spanking often makes a child withdrawn, Spanking children also teaches them to be timid and anti social. These, are some of the many reasons why hitting your child, as a form of punishment should never be an option.
hould be prohibited legally. Spanking distracts a child from learning how to resolve conflict in an effective and humane way. When you make a child afraid they stop learning. Often when a child has been consistently spanked they become preoccupied with feelings of anger and thoughts of revenge. This is what deprives a child of learning from the experience. Spanking deprives a child from learning more effective methods of solving the problem at hand. Thus a punished child learns little about how to handle or prevent similar situations in the future. Spanking not only works as a quick fix, it is not conducive to long-term results. A child learns that, I get hit; when I do something to make mommy or daddy mad. I am afraid. The child does not consciously think I am being spanked because, I ran in the store away from mommy and daddy. This is why spanking is not a useful or productive practice. There are other ways to punish a child, which does not consist of violence. Which include, talking to your child about the behavior that they are exhibiting, sending your child to their room, suspension of activities, grounding to the house, extra house choirs. There are many ways to discipline your child without physically hitting them. Small spankings eventually lead to larger ones. The bigger the child the more force you have to use and eventually the child will fight back. This is just one of the many reasons that you should not hit your child.
Hitting a child as a form of punishment interferes with the bond between parent and child. It is also not human nature to feel love towards someone who hurts you. The true sprit of cooperation that all parents’ want, can arise only through a strong bond based on mutual feelings of love and respect from child and parent. This cannot be achieved when a child feels helpless and not loved. Although, many parents disagree, a child has no self-actualization They are in their developing stages, it is a parents duty to help that child form his outlook on himself and others around him. When a child is spanked it can lead that child to think negatively about himself .A child can not distinguish right from wrong internally, simply because they are a child. It is the job of the parent to communicate what ever the problem is to the child. Spanking is not productive when it comes to adequately and successfully teaching a child not to display a behavior again. Many children become withdrawn when spanked. Children replace learning with fear when spanked. Children that are withdrawn when spanked are more prone to be depressed in later years according to Dr. Francine Vida Howard university school of psychology. Children who are spanked often tend to hold thoughts of dislike in their unconscious, but in term spanking will bring this back to that Childs conscious, which could lead to a very unstable and very angry child. This in no way creates a healthy relationship for parent and child .A parent can never make hitting a rationale to a child. Because, a child only understands the pain. Long-term spanking will not teach constructive ways of handling problems it will only drive a child to fear a parent. There by pushing a child away from the relationship. Many parents do not understand that angry teenagers do not come over night. Anger and frustration, which cannot be safely expressed by a child many times become stored inside. When anger has been accumulating for many years it can come back as a shock to parents, whose child now feels strong enough to express this rage. Physical punishment may appear to some, to produce “good behavior” in the early years, but more often at a very high price paid by parents and society as a whole, as the child enters adolescence and early adulthood. Physical punishment can be life changing in many negative ways for a child. Spanking should never be practiced in a home by responsible a loving parent who has the long-term interest of that child in mind.
Many parents argue with the fact that spanking is not productive to the rearing of a child. George Johnson of Ohio wrote on Christian chat yahoo, “there is no discipline”. Parents should beat their child whenever they feel it is just. These thoughts are wrong and l this is wrong. Beating a child leads to long term resentment and anger in return not fixing the problem for the good of the child only making them angry and confused at why you are hitting them and saying that you love them. Hitting is a form of anger and it should be stopped. I feel that Mr. Johnson is wrong because beating a child is not an act of discipline it is an act of control and disrespect. Ms. Bogart of YouDebate.com said “the whole reason for discipline is to put fear in a child for breaking a rule ect. The easiest way to do this is through spanking .do something wrong feel the pain Ms Bogart is wrong, because spanking a child for punishment is wrong any form of discipline, should be used as a form of teaching not putting fear or humiliation in the mind of a child wrong. I believe that when a child is fearful the process of learning stop’s. Therefore it is not productive to the rearing of that child. Mr. Marvin Myon of the Claire gospel center in Detroit Michigan was reported to have said to the associated press, that physical punishment is the best and most effective deterrents of misbehavior .I do not agree with Mr. Myon. because physical punishment only promotes hitting in a since that you are not teaching the child a valuable lesson when you hit them for a mistakes .children do not think long term as a adult might children can only process what is happening at hand. When a child is spanked I do not feel as though hitting teaches not to do it again. Hitting teaches a child that mommy hit’s me when she is mad or I made mommy mad I am afraid that she will hit me. Hitting a child is an act of violence by an uncontrollable parent. A parent should be mature enough to think of a more productive way to teach a child other than hitting. Although many parents agree with spanking a child I feel as though they are blinded by the fact that hitting will rear bad results in the future. Hitting a child never is an act of love. I feel as though it should be banned.
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Maslow Theory and ERG Theory
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The most well known theory of motivation is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It consists of five needs. They are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self �actualization. Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower needs and broke it down further into internal and external needs. The needs are laid out in five broad layers. The first is the Physiological Needs. These needs are those required to sustain life such as air, water, shelter, sleep and bodily needs. The second is Safety and this includes living in a safe place, job security, and protection from harm. The third need is Social and this is the first higher level. This includes needs for friends, needs for belonging, need to give and receive love, and give and receive affection. The fourth is esteem. These needs may be classified as internal or external. Internal esteem needs are those related to self-esteem such as self-respect and achievement. External esteem needs are those such as social status and recognition. Some Esteem needs are self- respect, achievement, attention, recognition and reputation. The fifth need is Self- Actualization. This is the summit of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It is reaching one’s full potential as a person. It includes growth, self-fulfillment, truth, wisdom and meaning. Self-actualized persons have occurrences or energized moments of happiness and harmony. According to Maslow only a small percent ever reach this Self-Actualization need.
Maslow’s hierarchy makes sense from an intuitive standpoint but there has been little evidence to prove that it only works one step at a time or that you cannot do more than one step at a time. In some cultures social needs are placed before other needs.
Maslow’s hierarchy lacks scientific support but it is quite well known and is the first theory of motivation to which many people are exposed. As the needs become satisfied the next need becomes dominant. “If you ever want to motivate someone, according to Maslow, you need to understand what level of the hierarchy that person is currently on and focus on satisfying the needs at or above that level” (Robbins, 00, p 156).
Clayton Alserfer developed the ERG theory to address some of Maslow’s theories. The ERG is also a need-based model. It is also about motivation. It is based on the work of Maslow but it differs in some important aspects. Alderfer reduced the number of needs to three because some of the middle needs/levers of Maslow’s hierarchy have some overlap. The letters ERG stand for Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. Existence needs are concerned with survival. The relatedness needs is the desire to have interpersonal, social relationships and the Growth need is an individuals intrinsic desire for personal development.
The ERG theory allows for different levels of needs to be pursued simultaneously. Alderfer believed that needs are more of a continuum than a hierarchical level and does not think that a lower level/need has to be fulfilled for a higher level/need to become predominant. Also the more the growth needs are satisfied, the more they will increase in intensity. The ERG theory allows the order of the needs to be different for different people and it acknowledges that if a higher level need remains unfulfilled, the person may regress to lower level need that appear easier to satisfy. This would be known as the frustration-regression principle. The hierachical aspect in the ERG model is not so rigid.
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Constructive Communication
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Most people overlook communication skills, but these talents are more important than individuals may think. Although communication is something that happens everyday, not many take the time to work on perfecting their abilities. There are many different ways to communicate, whether it is telephone calls, e-mails, or even face-to-face conversation; all of them have many characteristics to make them work successfully.
Telephones are good sources of communication, for use of news, family, or just keeping in touch, but bad telephone skills can make any good talk go badly. If the person on the other end of a phone conversation is not speaking clearly and they have to keep repeating themselves because of a lack of understanding, the conversation can loose all significance. Maybe the person on the other end of the phone is out of things to say, the opposing person can loose all interest in the already dull conversation. The volume of ones voice can easily make pleasant banter go sour to whoever is listening. A loud, overpowering voice can make someone feel as if they are being yelled at, or not welcome by this person. While on the other hand, a low voice could make the listener strain to hear and almost make the sociable chat turn into a hearing test. Any of these factors could make any telephone conversation an unpleasant occasion.
The technology of today has made interacting with people so easy and abundant. One of these new technologies is e-mail, or sending letters over the Internet. Even with this effortless equipment there is still room for error, because once the letter is sent, there is no way to get it back. A mistake that commonly happens is writing to much in one letter. If there are two pages of typed mayhem the recipient may get bored. The ideas that are expressed in letters should be to the point and making the position clear. Another way to diminish bad emails is thinking about who is going to read it. If an employer is receiving a memo it should be professional. If the employer looks at the screen only to see an unorganized mess of words and ideas, he or she may not take it seriously. Taking this to consideration, rereading would perhaps be the most important step in e-mailing. When the time is taken to check over the work put into writing something, it can only help. Viewing personal writing for a second time is helpful for spelling, run-on sentences, fragment, and oddly worded phrases. The usage of rereading, checking the length, and thinking about the topic at hand can aid in any e-mailing situation.
Nearly everyone has face-to-face conversations at a point in their life, but none realize that these conversations are the easiest to spoil. An obvious advantage to a solid conversation is speaking clearly. If someone is mumbling his or her words the strained listener is not paying as much notice to the dialogue. When mumbling is a factor the chatter could loose all meaning. Keeping eye contact with the partner in a talk makes them feel more involved and required. While it also shows them that the attention is on he or she as well as the discussion. Even though eye contact is a factor almost every issue of verbal contact comes down to the volume of a voice. The loud talker seems to push away the meaning of the word exchange. While the opposite, the low talker makes the conversation second in importance, next to translating the low volume mouth movement. It seems that even though face-to-face contact is an important form of contact, but it is the kind that is widely overlooked.
Therefore, being successful at communication whether it is telephone conversations, electronic mailing, and face-to-face conversations, the characteristics that help make them successful are vast and important. The skills that are involved with communication are not usually practiced, but should at least be considered when being involved in a form of conversation.
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Art has no rules
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According to Kant art has no rules and norms. For him anything that has rules is knowledge, and everything that is knowledge can be made from those rules and norms. The question then is How can art be made?
Going back into history from the prehistoric period, and later Renaissance and Modern times we see that art had always followed different kinds of rules and norms.
Some of them were eventually broken, some of them stayed longer than others, but there was always someone who tried to make up rules for art. According to Kant art has no rules, but it wasn’t like that during the period of Renaissance when rules were made by the Catholic Church and the law enforcement institution was the Inquisition. It wasn’t like that during the period before the Impressionists, when the laws were made by the academies and schools.
But then came the real geniuses, in their own time they started pushing the limits. They tried different things. Things that didn’t follow the rules, things that weren’t in the mind of everybody. They were the bright brains of their own times who helped other to stand against and follow the thoughts of exceptional people. These people broke the laws of the Inquisition; they broke the laws of the schools; they did what they felt they had to do. They created the Art.
If there weren’t people like this, the world would be a different place. Art would be a place full with laws and rules. It would be like mathematics, a world where everything is exact and precise. Imagine!
Now art has no rules. Then how can it be done? The answer is very simple. It can be done the way any individual wants. Because the art is not about the rules, art is about the personality and imagination. And that’s the best way to develop your imagination without following rules. That’s the way to feel free to create.
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Pink in a land of blue
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Scene 1
Pink baby is born
Lizzie Pink?
Scene
Penny tries to scrub pinkness off, then paint the baby blue, and finally resorts to wrapping it up in a blue sheet.
Scene
The supermarket.
Penny in supermarket shopping with baby (still wrapped in blue)
Sophie Price check (repeated)
Jacqui Beep, beep, beep (repeated)
Lizzie Vegetables, check. Ice-cream, check. etc... (repeated)
The sheet slips and supermarket sees the pink baby
Lizzie, Jacqui, and Sophie gasp
Scene 4
All Newsflash
Sophie In breaking news tonight, a baby born HOT PINK. -year-old Sky Buttonshaw has given birth to a baby, but not just any baby… this baby is pink. Doctors are frantically searching for a reason or a cause as to how this freak incident could possibly have occurred.
Lizzie Bzzzip. (record cutting off) Yo, yo yo! Stop the record, check this shit! Some chick’s had a pink baby. Some dude apparently saw some hot pink baby in a safeway down town. I’ve got her on the lime. You’re on the air man, what happened?
Penny Well I was just minding my own business looking for the frozen peas when this woman with a baby got shoved and next thing I know I’m looking at this pink baby. Most absurd thing I’ve ever seen! Pink fingers, pink toes, just, just pink!
Jacqui On SBS news tonight, baby born pink out of blue. We know not where mummy hiding but somewhere in Blue Mountain police say. We know not why baby colour pink, but doctor Ching Nung Wah Su say ‘the colour of baby is definitely pink further investigations are being made into the discolouration of baby. San Hung Chong, SBS news.
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