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Positivism is a philosophical concept and refers to a particular set of assumptions about the world and about appropriate ways of studying it¡¨ (McNeill, 185). It assumes that there are laws that govern the operations of the social world and is objective and value free. Therefore, it has little regard to the subjective state of individual. Data collected through this approach is usually objective and in form of statistics. However, this approach will not be used in this case as we need to understand how receptive are the employees to the new implementation of flexible benefits. Current practice in the company only allows employees to claim certain amount of their medical expenses with a cap. They are restricted to only their own medical claims. Recently, company has decided to change its policy and implement flexible benefits. Flexible benefits scheme allows employees to allocate their points to a basket of choices according to their needs. This benefits mainly working women with families as this allows them to choose options that include their families. To understand how receptive the employees are, especially the working women, to this new scheme, company has decided to hire a researcher to find out. Phenomenological approach will be used instead of positivistic approach as it helps us understand the human behaviour of the participant¡¦s own frame of mind. Data collected will be subjective and qualitative as it concentrates on presenting the quality way of life described rather than presenting statistics.
Feminist perspective will be the research methodology that helps us to understand if flexible benefits is acceptable for working women since it is the main concern for them. This approach is of contrast to the traditional approach where focus is on men. Moreover, feminist perspective is based on the experience of women and the research will benefit women instead of men. This perspective also seeks to restore the balance by researching on women¡¦s lives.
In order to understand more on how employees view the new implementation, focus groups and in-depth interviews will be the two chosen methods. Focus group interview is an unstructured, free flowing interview with a small group of people (Zikmund, 000). It is not a rigidly constructed question and answer session but done in a flexible format which encourage people to share their views and feelings. The ideal size will be about eight to ten people whom are randomly selected. However, this session is to understand their views towards flexible benefits, women with children should be the focus. One provision is that there should be no superior in the same group with the employees so as to stimulate more and truthful discussion. Secondly, the interviewees must understand the purpose of the discussion as this will help to improve the company which in turn, improve the lives of employees. Thirdly, the moderator who is leading the discussion must not be an employee of the company so that opinions offered will not be biased. He or she must be really interested in people and is careful in listening.
Advantages of using a focus group is that it is relatively brief, easy to execute and inexpensive. Besides that, it is a qualitative method as it expresses the feelings of people and provides improvement and insights to the issue. The flexibility of the interview is also an advantage. As compared to the survey, numerous topics can be discussed thus providing more insights to the topic. Responses can also be observed from the participants unlike in survey. It allows more spontaneity as no individual is required to answer any given questions. It allows more discussions to carry on as people are more comfortable since the focus is not on individuals. On top of that, it is not time consuming as compared to individual interview as many opinions and information is collected at the same time. Therefore, during the session, the employees can share more about their opinions in company implementation of flexible benefits. The moderator can begin the discussion by asking the staff what are their opinions in the current benefits scheme and gradually moves on to the specific topic. For instance, the existing scheme does not include medical fees for their children. With the new scheme, employees and employer can co-share the medical expenses for their children. Moderator will need to find out the employees¡¦ concerns to this issue such as, whether the new scheme will address their needs and concerns. Moving on, moderator can ask the participants to suggest any improvement to the scheme. Moderator will need to plan the objectives and outlines of the discussion so as to collect more information from the participants. Therefore, it is important to build a rapport with the group.
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Another method that the management can choose is in-depth interview. It is a relatively unstructured, extensive interview used in the primary stages of the research (Zikmund, 000). It is conducted in a one-to-one basis that can last about one to two hours. This requires an extremely skilled interviewer who can encourage the participant to talk freely without influencing the flow of discussion. Therefore, it is expensive as compared to focus group. Advantages of using this method are that it provides a quick assessment of the participant¡¦s response to the new scheme. Participant is more willing to share her views and thoughts as she needs not be concerned about others¡¦ feelings. Therefore, the views shared will be more truthful and open.
Observation method will not be used as the objective of this method is to merely record what can be observed. However, in this case, feelings and opinions are more important. Organisation is more concerned about employees¡¦ reception to this new scheme.
Despite of the advantages of the two methods mentioned above, researcher needs to pay attention to the ethical and political implications of the research. The researcher has the obligation to make sure that the result is valid and representative. Beside that, consequences of the research must be with good intentions and its contribution will enhance the general welfare, in this case, the company. Ethical issues such as, the respondents¡¦ right to privacy; the use of deception; the respondents¡¦ right to be informed about the purpose of the research; the need of confidentiality; the need for honesty in collecting data; and the need for objectivity of reporting data have to be addressed (Zikmund, 000). In order to minimise the implications, researcher has the obligation to inform the respondents the purpose of the interview and must not disguise the purpose of it. The researcher needs to observe the privacy of the respondents and must not give out their personal information without their knowledge. There must be a mutual trust between the researcher and participant. The researcher should only be concerned about the views and response of the participants. No personal information should be disclosed to the organisation as in who say this and that.
Besides observing ethical issues involved with the participants, it is important to understand the political issues behind the research. The researcher must be very clear about her relationship with the organisation. The stakeholders in the organisation play an important role as they are the ones who have a legitimate claim to the outcome. However in this case, there are very few political issues involved as the researcher does not use the observation method. The intention is spelt out clearly to the participants. Therefore, it is easier to conduct without much implication.
In conclusion, parties involved play an important role to the outcome of the research. Researcher needs to understand her role in the process. She acts as a moderator between the organisation and participants. Her opinions must be objective and neutral in the process. Besides that, it is important for her to address any ethical and political issues. Participants need to be truthful in their opinions and suggest any improvements, if any. It is important that they must not treat the process as a complaint session but constructive one. Stakeholders must understand their roles in this process. They must not influence any outcome and use the findings against anyone. By observing the roles played by each party, it will make the process objective, thus improving the welfare of the organisation.
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