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Transaction Processing Systems
Architectures and Topologies
Help with essay on transaction processing systems for accoutning
Transaction Processing Systems
Manual Based � Computer Based
Faster processing
Greater accuracy
Lower cost
More concise storage and accessibility
Wider range of choice
Potentially greater profit margins
Manual Based Processing
Infrequent transactions
Holistic/strategic decisions making required
Computer Based Processing
Large volume
Continuous and repetitive processing
Complex but routine analysis required
Most transaction processing systems tend to be a combination of both
Information System Architecture
“…. the physical design and/or structural arrangement of hardware and data communications components within an information system.”
(Wilkinson 001 68)
The development of communications technology (software and hardware) has promoted the development of virtual (non physical) networks
Important because organisations are increasingly geographically dispersed
Communications technology provides a cost effective and reliable framework
Permits large volume transfer
Facilitates collaboration and group share
Permits remote accessing
Networks
“…a data communications system that enables firms (companies) to share information and programmes.”
(Wilkinson 001 6)
Types of Networks
WAN
(Wide Area Network)
LAN
(Local Area Network)
Client/Server Network
(Can be both WAN and/or LAN based)
WAN
(Wide Area Network)
Geographically distant interconnecting devices/systems
Centralised
Dumb terminal � no remote processing
Useful where transactions are homogenous
(ATMs, Hotels, Airlines)
(Also AOL)
Advantages
Concentrates computing power
Provides economies of scale
Facilitates data base approach - standardisation
Greater security and control
Disadvantages
Can be inflexible
Costly software
Vulnerable to disaster
Can be unresponsive to user needs
WAN
(Wide Area Network)
Decentralised
(Distributed)
Intelligent remote site processing
Useful where transactions require processing and transactions may be hetrogenous
Advantages
Responsive to user needs
Flexible
Adaptive to user needs
More efficient use of computing power
Disadvantages
Difficult to maintain
Security can be costly
LAN
(Local Area Network)
(Essentially Distributed WANs)
Geographically local interconnecting devices/systems
In smaller LANs workstations may act as both Client and Server
(Sometimes called a “peer-to peer network”)
In larger LANs workstations may act as Client only and may be linked to a central Server
(Requires at least one Server workstation)
(Sometimes called a “Server network”)
Advantages
Effective means of sharing information and services
Flexible
Disadvantages
Difficult to maintain
Difficult to control
(Especially peer-to-peer networks)
Security can be costly
Client/Server Network
(Can be both WAN and/or LAN based)
Processing is split between a user workstation (Client) and one or more other computers (Server(s))
Has increasingly become the norm for most corporate systems
Network Topologies
Main topologies tend to be
Star Configuration
Ring Configuration
Bus Configuration
Star and Ring configurations are applicable to both distributed WANs and LANs
Bus configuration is restricted to manly LANs
All the above can incorporate Client/Server systems
Hierarchical combinations of all the above configurations may also exist
Other inter-organisational systems/networks
I-Commerce Systems
ICS
E-Commerce Systems
ECS
Electronic Point of Sale Systems
EPOS
Electronic Funds Transfer Systems
EFTS
Electronic Data Interchange Systems
EDI
… And then there were the Nets…!
Internet
(Web based)
(Global Access)
Similar to Client/Server network
Web Browser facilitates unrestricted activity?
Efficiency dependent of users GUI
(Geographical User Interface)
Intranet
(Web based)
(Local Access)
Web Browser facilitates restricted local activity?
Extranet
(Web Based)
(Restricted Access)
Business to Business network
Generally operates as part of corporate intranet
Often used to facilitates I-Commerce
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