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Siegfried Sassoon was an English poet and novelist. Born on the 8th of September 1886 in Brenchley, Kent. Sassoon came from an affluent family. After studying at Cambridge, he was able to live without a profession and devoted his time to hunting, riding, cricket and as we all know to poetry. His poetry is based on his experiences, as an officer in World War I.
When war broke out, Sassoon was eager to enlist but quickly began to hate the war after he began to witness the atrocities that were taking place. He volunteered and joined the Royal Welch Fusiliers. In 116 Sassoon took part in the murderous opening of the battle of the Somme and won the military cross while he was still in the army, but later in his anger he threw it in the River Mersey. Sassoon was twice wounded seriously while serving as an officer in France. His anti-war protests were first attributed to shellshock, and as they could not do away with him due to his status, he was sent to Craiglockhart hospital where he met his good friend and fellow pacifist Wilfred Owen.
Wilfred Owen, as well as Sassoon was one of the most famous poets of the twentieth century. He was the son of a railway worker and was educated at Liverpool. His devoted mother encouraged his early interests in music and poetry. As Owen could not afford a college education he went to France and taught English until 115. Owen made the difficult decision to fight in the war. He enlisted in 115, was commissioned in 116 and fought in the battle of the Somme. Owen was hospitalised in craiglockhart hospital in May 117 diagnosed with shellshock.
In craiglockhart hospital Owen and Sassoon met. Owen had read Sassoon’s poems and was greatly impressed by them. One day Owen plucked up the nerve and decided to visit him. Sassoon recalls “one morning…there was a gentle knock on the door and a young officer entered…he had come hoping that would be so gracious as to inscribe them for him… I must have spoken mainly about my book… he listened eagerly with reticent intelligence”. Sassoon shared the same feelings as Owen and became interested in his work. Reading Sassoons poems and discussing his work with Sassoon revolutionised Owens style and his conception of poetry. Under Sassoon’s care Owen began writing the best work of his short career. It is amazing how the two came from two extremely different backgrounds but still had the same thoughts, feelings and interests.
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In 118 Sassoon returned to active service. He was sent first to the middle east and then to France. On patrol, he was shot and wounded by one of his own men. Fortunately he escaped from the front and lived on until 167.
Owen, however returned to Paris and was killed a week before Armistice Day. Owen was awarded the military cross for serving the war with distinction. Full recognition as a highly esteemed poet came after Owens’s death.
Owens attitude to the war is very clearly shown in his work. In “Dulce et Decorum est” Owen tells the reader about the effect of gas. He makes comparisons to the “devil sick of sin” and “froth corrupted lungs”. His passionate expression of out rage is very clearly shown. In “Exposure” Owen talks about how the cold winter is worse than the enemy fire. Owens poems are full of anger and pity at those innocent young soldiers that die such cruel deaths. Even though he received the military cross he hated the war and its effects.
Sassoon took the same view as Owen on the war. In “Disabled”, he tells the reader about a young lad who was who went to war and is now sitting in a wheel chair for the rest of his days. In his poems he stresses the brutality of death and injury at the front. He stresses the ignorance of ordinary civilians who are safe at home while their youth are fighting for them in the worst of conditions. In June 117, he began his personal crusade against fighting. Refusing military duties he sent his protest statement to his commanding officer and then to the press. In his declaration he writes about his wilful defiance of military authority, because he thinks that there is a conspiracy and that the government is purposely prolonging the war to their convenience. Sassoon says that he entered the war as one of defence and liberation and now it has become one of aggression and conquest. He explains how he has seen and endured the suffering of the troops and how it is cruel and unjust. He ends it by saying, “On behalf of those who are suffering now I make this protest against the deception which is being practised on them”.
Dulce et Decorum est” written by Wilfred Owen is probably the best known and certainly one of the finest battle field poems. It is divided into four separate stanzas and has a rhyming scheme AB AB, with the four lines at the end giving it the crunch.
Throughout the poem the use of comparison, both metaphor and simile is highly pouted. Such as, “bent double, like old beggars”, ”flound’ring like a man in fire or lime” and “devil’s sick of sin”. He uses this to increase the drama and to give the reader a better understanding to his message. He also uses alliteration such as “coughing like old beggars we cursed”, “men marched”, “flound’ring…fire”, “sick of sin” and “cancer bitter as the cud”. He also uses assonance such as “incurable sores on innocent tongues”.
In the first stanza Owen tells the reader about the men returning from the “haunting flares” of the battlefield to their “distant rest”. The metaphor “blood shod” tells the reader that their feet are covered in blood. The soldiers have become old people as it says “like ‘old’ beggars”, “coughing like ‘hags’” and “’deaf’ even to the hoots”.
In the second stanza the tempo changes from men to slow to react to the sudden explosion of “Gas!Gas! Quick, boys!”. In this stanza as in the fourth Owen makes sickening comparisons like “guttering, choking, drowning” and “obscene and cancer bitter as the cud”.
The third stanza hits the reader when Owen speaks of “The old Lie” which he refers to Jesse Pope’s Poems that encourage young boys to go and die for their county. In the last line Owen uses sarcasm when he says “Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori”. A quotation from an anode meaning, “It is sweet and honourable to die for ones country. He does this to make his message clear to the reader.
Another of Owens collection is “Disabled”. It is a poem of many contrasts. It is forty-seven lines long, divided into five stanzas of unequal lengths. He tells the reader of a young boy who was very active, loved playing football and was very popular with the girls who “threw away his legs” when he went away to fight. Owen uses contrasts such as “deserted” and “whole”, “spurted” and “spear” and “looked a god in kilts” and “purple spurted from his thigh”. He also uses alliteration such as “wheeled, chair waiting”, “ghastly suit of grey, “girls glanced” and “younger than his youth last year”.
Owen uses strong and sharp language such as “legless, sewn short at elbow” and “threw away his knees”. He does this to capture the reader’s imagination, and make the reader have pity for the poor lad.
The poem goes on to talk about how “smiling they wrote his lie”. By this he is telling the reader that the conscripts knew he was under aged to go and fight but still they allowed him. The young lad only enlisted because of is vanity and to please his girlfriend. He had no idea of what was happening at the front, as he says “Germans he scarcely thought of; all their guilt, and Austria’s, did not move him”.
In the last two stanzas’ he tells the reader how no-one cares about him now that he is ‘useless’ as only a Father came and “inquired about his soul”. He writes how the public thinks that he is ok in institutes as it says “and do what ‘things’ consider wise”
The last line hits the reader when it says “passed from him to strong men that were hole” by this he means girls are no longer interested in him. It goes on to say “how cold and late it is! Why don’t they come and put him into bed? Why don’t they come” they have forgotten about him and left him in the cold.
Another of Owens poems is “Anthem for the Doomed youth”. It is a poem about remembering the dead soldiers who have dies in the battlefield abroad. It is a sonnet a favourable form of Owen. It is fourteen lines long divided into two stanzas of eight and six lines. Each has five stressed syllables and has the rhyming scheme AB AB CD CD EF FE GG.
The poem is a comparison between a typical Victorian style funeral and the way in which men are buried in the Western Front. Owen compares the “passing bell” to the firing of the guns the “prayers” to the stuttering of the machine guns, the “church choir” to the whistling of the artillery fire whaling thorough the air, the “funeral candles” to the glimmering eyes of the soldiers, the “pall” to the white faces of their young girls, the “flowers” to the thoughts of their relatives thinking of them and finally the “drawing of the blinds” to the sun setting in the dusk. Through these elaborate comparisons Owen makes the poem a more powerful comment on the war and it makes the reader feel sorry how these poor young soldiers meet their death and how they are finally put to rest. The reader can see that Owen does not like does not like this type of funeral because It says “mockeries”. Owen uses onomatopoeia such as “stuttering” and “whaling”. He also uses alliteration such as “rifles, rapid rattle”, “the shrill… shells”, “sad shires” and “dusk a drawing down”.
“Does it matter” is a poem written by Sassoon. It is fifteen lines long divided into three stanzas of equal length. In this poem Sassoon attacks the civilians and their ignorance to the injured from the war. He uses question to point out his message to the reader. The rhyming scheme is ABB-A. He also uses an element of alliteration such as “losing your legs”.
In the first stanza Sassoon tells the reader about loosing your legs and how the subject of the poem would love to go out hunting like the “others” but instead has to wait at home for them to come back.
In the second stanza he tells the reader about loosing your sight. Here he uses sarcasm to a sharp effect when he says, “there’s such splendid work for the blind”. He points this out because really theres nothing that blind people can do apart from “sitting on the terrace remembering”
The first line on the third stanza is the most striking to the reader when it says; “Does it matter? - Those dreams from the pit…”. Here Sassoon is talking about the nightmares the soldiers got from the war. He leaves those up to the readers imagination because there is no way that he could describe them. Ultimately the soldier will go crazy, as there is no remedy for this illness. Sassoon furthermore criticisers the civilians when he says, “and people wont say that your mad; for they’ll know that you’ve fought for your country and no one will worry a bit” because people go on with their own lives and they do not even care about these poor soldiers.
The “Hero” is another of Sassoon’s poems. It is eighteen lines long and divided into three separate stanzas of equal length. This poem offers the reader a bitter contrast between the mother’s view of her dead son and the opinion of his fellow officers. It starts off when “a brother” officer tells an old woman that her son has been shot in the battlefield. He did this to keep up her morale but the truth is that he got shot like a cowherd trying to get sent home.
He uses two different types of language. In the first two stanzas Sassoon uses euphemism to comfort the mother but in the third stanza he uses harsher words such as “cold-footed, useless swine” or “blown to small bits”. He does this to show the reader what the soldiers really think of the young officer.
He also uses alliteration such as “officer went out”, “days no doubt” and “blown to small bits”
Through this sonnet Sassoon stresses the suffering of the bereaved families who have lost loved ones during the war and how to the officers a soldier who dies is just one more to the list.
“Suicide in the trenches” is another of Sassoons poems. It is twelve lines long divided into three stanzas of equal length. The poem has a rhyming scheme of AA BB. Here he uses alliteration such as simple soldier, slept soundly and bullet through his brain.
The first stanza starts off in a happy tone in the style of a nursery rhyme. He tells the reader of a simple soldier boy who was happy with life.
In the second stanza the tone suddenly changes to a harsher tone. Sassoon tells the reader about the conditions in the trenches being cowed and glum. The stanza ends with the simple soldier boy putting a bullet through his brain
In the third stanza he continues with the harsher language. He is blaming the crowds who cheer when soldier lads march by. In this poem as in Does it matter? he leaves the horrors of the war up to the readers imagination when he says Sneak home and pray youll never know, the hell where youth and laughter go
As the reader has seen Sassoon and Owen had the same views on the war. Sassoon and Owen made it their duty to make the public clear of the super human inhumanities that were happening in the war. Their poetry is an expression of the brutalities and the waste of war. As one critic described Owens poetry they speak to our world still as much as they were meant to… he has done as much as anyone to prevent the reading public from being persuaded ever again that death in battle is sweet and decorous. Who knows would the world be as we know it today if these to intellects would not have stood up and made their thoughts clear to the world?
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