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Acne - A Disorder of the Skin
Acne is a disorder of the skin. The skin is the bodys largest organ. Acne is
caused by a disorder of the skins oil glands, which are called sebaceous glands. It
also is affected by the hair follicles and the lining surrounding them, which is known as
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the pilosebaceous units. There are different types of acne. Cystic acne is a severe
form of acne. The two major types of acne are non-inflammatory and inflammatory. In
non-inflammatory, the skin has a few whiteheads and black heads on the skin surface
(see chart for diagrams). In inflammatory acne, the skin has inflamed whiteheads,
pimples, and pustules. In the most severe form, cystic acne, cysts and scars form on
the skin surface.
Acne is classified as a disease of the pilosebaceous glands. It usually starts
during puberty in adolescents, and tends to be caused by a number of factors, including
heredity, hormones, skin condition (oiliness), bacteria, and blockage of the skin
follicles. Acne can be affected by hormones in the body. The hormones known as
androgens, which are the sex hormones in males, increase the sebaceous glands
activity. This hormone is produced in both males and females, but girls produce 1/10
as much, which is why teenage acne is more severe in males. Females produce the
hormone estrogen, which block the effects of the androgens on the oil glands. Of these
counteracting hormones the androgens are dominant, which can cause acne. In
people with and without acne the amount of hormones in their bodies are normal, so the
glands may react differently in people who have acne. Acne can also be caused
clogged skin cells, cosmetics, and certain medical procedures and maturity, such as
menopause or the removal of the ovaries in women. This can cause acne because the
estrogen released by ovaries is less, causing androgens to affect the oil glands and
cause new acne.
Mild acne is sometimes treated with over-the-counter drugs. Benzoyl peroxide
and salicylic acid are the two major topical medicines used for acne. Medicated soaps
and cleansers are also used to clear up mild acne. If the over-the-counter drugs do not
work, some individuals go to the skin doctor, a dermatologist. The doctor may
prescribe a topical or oral medication to clear up the acne. Tetracycline and other
cycline drugs are oral drugs prescribed for acne. They reduce the amount of bacteria
in the body. Severe acne is usually treated by a dermatologist. A combination of
topical and oral medications are given for severe acne. Accutane is an oral pill given
for very severe cases of acne. It effects the bodys oil glands and lessens oil
production, although it is not known how. There may be very serious side effects when
used while pregnant, or while used by people without severe acne, including severe dry
skin and muscle pain. The hormone estrogen is used in treating some forms of acne.
This can come in the form of birth control pills. This type of treatment cannot be used in
males because the excess amounts of estrogen in their body can cause women-like
side effects, such as breast enlargement. Antiandrogens block the actions of
androgens on the body. Tests can be made to find out where the excess hormones are
coming from in women. If caused by the adrenal glands, the gland can be turned off by
using other drugs, called corticosteroids.
There are many myths when it comes to acne and its causes. There is no proof
that acne is caused by greasy foods, chocolates, sodas, or junk food. Some people
may be allergic to certain foods which trigger a hormone change that can effect the oil
glands. Even oily skin and/or hair does not have to do with acne, since people with
dry skin may have acne and people with oily skin may have clear faces. The belief that
the sun helps clear skin is also false. In fact, too much sun may cause increased oil
production which may aggravate acne. Acne begins with small papules and pustules,
and can occur in infants due to the very active sebaceous glands. Adult acne is caused
by the same reasons as adolescent acne, but is more often treated with hormones.
Skin with acne can be cared for by routine cleansing to get rid of surface dirt and oils
that may irritate and clog the pores. Acne may also be caused by constant close
contact with skin, sweaty areas, and friction from uniforms and sports. Acne
conglobata is a form of acne in which collections of pus form deep in the skin. A very
large amount of strong drugs can be used to treat this condition. Acne rosacea is a
condition that looks like acne, but is simply a malfunction of the small blood vessels in
the t- zone.
Acne is a condition that is not harmful to the individual, but greatly effects their
confidence and the way they look at the world around them. It is not exactly known
what causes acne, which is why this condition is so difficult to treat and cure. Acne can
be caused by a number of factors, and treatment is often a trial and error diagnosis.
Acne is one of the most frustrating disorders of the sense organs.
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