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GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
Introduction
Stress. A word that is used very often today is very misjudged and overlooked. Stress starts with perception. We learn our stress responses throughout our lives and they can be fixed. As we all may know, stress occurs when demands are placed on an organism to adjust or adapt. It is most damaging in situations involving pressure, a lack of control, unpredictability of the stressor, and intense or repeated emotional shocks. Stress also has lasting effects on our health. Intense or prolonged exposure to stress leads to physiological and psychological damage. These stages are associated with General Adaptation Syndrome, also known as G.A.S.
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PERCEPTION
Stress starts with perception. What you perceive as stressful may not be stressful for the person next to you. For example, you’re at the local supermarket buying something for dinner. You’re walking up to the express line with three items and the limit is ten. Another guy is also walking up and gets to the line first. You notice that he has more than ten items. This makes you mad. You’re hands start to shake, your heart starts to beat fast, and your muscles tense up. This is an example of stress that is learned and accepted in the American lifestyle that can be fixed.
STRESS IS HARMFUL
Stress is harmful when it is repeated and uncontrollable. Stress translates into disease when the body’s defenses against stress are depleted and drained. The body’s defense against stress is a pattern known as the general adaptation syndrome or G.A.S.
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
The general adaptation syndrome consists of three stages the alarm reaction, the stage of resistance, and the stage of exhaustion.
The Alarm Reaction. In this stage the body mobilizes its resources to cope with added stress. The stress starts with the perception, in this case, the guy in the supermarket. The perception leads to the hypothalamus gland signaling the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to produce more adrenaline and noradrenalin. As these hormones are dumped into the bloodstream, some bodily processes are speeded up. For example, the heart rate speeds up, the blood pressure goes up, our pupils dilate, our muscles tense up, and our breathing becomes more efficient. Our blood is sent away from the digestive tract to the heart, lungs, and large muscles and because it is, our digestion stops. When the digestion stops, the food that we have consumed stops being digested and starts to putrefy in the stomach. As a result, the body starts to produce acid in order to get that food through the system. When the stress is repeated and uncontrolled, during this stage, the body starts to show symptoms. These include headache, fever, sore, “achy” muscles, upset stomach, diarrhea, shortness of breathe, and lack of energy. These symptoms all resemble those of the common cold or flu.
The Resistance Stage. During this stage, the bodily adjustments to stress stabilize. As the body’s defenses come into balance, symptoms of the alarm reaction disappear. Since the symptoms of the alarm reaction disappear, people tend to think things are normal. They are not normal due to the compromise of the immune system during the alarm stage, white blood cells are lost. This means that the person may have a better chance of coping with the original stressor, but the body’s resistance to other stresses is lowered. During this stage is when they first signs of psychosomatic disorders begin to appear.
The Stage of Exhaustion. Continued and uncontrolled stress leads to the exhaustion of the body’s resources. The stress hormones are drained and depleted. It leads to psychosomatic disease, a serious loss of health, or complete collapse.
PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORERS
Psychosomatic disorders are illnesses in which psychological factors contribute to bodily damage or to damaging changes in bodily functioning. The most common problems are gastrointestinal and respiratory like dyspepsia and asthma. Typical problems include eczema, hives, migraine headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, colitis, and heart disease.
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress management is the use of behavioral strategies to reduce stress and improve coping skills. A way to reduce stress is to exercise. Exercise should that is vigorous yet enjoyable enough to be done repeatedly. Personally, when I’m in the fight-or-flight response mode, I like to take a run around the block. Since my house is on a hill, it is quite a workout. Another stress reliever is meditation. Meditation is not just sitting in the corner, with your legs crossed and eyes shut. It can be anything you enjoy doing. I like to take short drives in my car around town. I really enjoy topping off my drive with a stop at a park or lake. It relieves my tension to be on the grass, breathing the fresh air that is usually abundant underneath the trees.
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