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From my experiment I can conclude that my hypothesis was correct. The only exception was milk because I could not get a measurement. Other that that the liquid with the lowest density, windshield wash, rose the highest and the liquid with the highest density, saturated salt solution, rose the least.
I belive that the reason why water did not rise . feet was the altitude at which I conducted the experment and the surface tension created by the tube may not have let the water, and other liquids, rise to their maximum potential.
Procedures
1) I picked out six different liquids that I thought would habve different densities.
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) Next, I found that density of each liquid one day after school. I did this by finding the mass of the liquid, on a double balance scale, and dividing it by the volume of the liquid. I did this for each lipuid.
) I purcheased the liquids and materials needed for the project.
4) I then went to the look-out tower on Y highway to do my project.
5) I rean a 100ft. half inch tube forty feet strait up in the air and back down with a 100ft. tape measure wire tired to it
6) On one end of the tube I connected a 6cfm vacuume pump to suck the air out of the tube. On the other end I stuck the tube into the liquid I was currently testing
7) I turned on the vacuum pump and looked at the 100ft measuring tape to record how high the liquid went. On tone test of each liquid I took a picture at the height where the liquid stopped rising.
8) I tested each liquid three times.
Hypothesis
If water will rise . feet strait up under conditions of no atmospheric pressure, than any liquid of a lesser density will rise highter and any liquid of a greater density will not rise as high.
Problem
Can you suck water up a 4foot straw
Background Information
In the first half of the 17th century o Duke of Tuscany, in Italy, wished to have water pumped out of a very deep well. The duke’s problem was that the water couldn’t be drawn from the well. He hired many experts workman to install a pump that wiould be able to do this task or, discover why the water could not be drawn from the well, but none prevailed. It was then that the duke turned his problem over to the wisest man he knew, his court mathematician and astronomer. Galileo Galilei. Galileo faild to solve the dukes problem. The duke had to settle for a series of pumps about thirty feet above one another.
Galileos young colleague, Evangelista Torricelli wouldn’t give up so easily. He new that if a good pumb wouldnt draw water thirty-four feet. there must be something wrong with either the pubp construction of with the assumption upom which it was based. No matter what pump was used, none would raise water over thirty feet so it was surely times to re-examaine the assumptions.
Torricelli began to consider that the water was pushed up by sone force acting on the exposed surface of the wall water. Once Torricelli faced this possibility, he began to consider an even more radical throught. The only thing that could be pushing down upon an open surface was the atmosphere itself. If this was doing the pushing then it must exert a force that was equal to the weight of the column of water nearly thirty-four feet high.
We know this force as atmospheric pressure. It amounts to nearly fifteen punds weighting down ever square inch of exposed liquid surface.
Tprrocell’s explantion had one notable advantage over earlier ezplantations it accounted for the limits of such a pumps power. This was still not enought reason for the theory to be accepted witheout hesitation.
Torricllis reasoning was said to have probalbly went somethign like this If water stands at . feet high in an empty pump tube because the weight of that much water is all that the atmosphere can support, what would happen if we tried pumping a liquid haldf of waters weight with the same volume? By the same token a liquid twice as dense as water should stand about half as high or about 17 feet and a liquid four times as dense onily 8.5 feet. Therefore, mercuru a liquid 1.6 times as dense a water should onluy raise 1/1.6 the height of water or mere 0 inches.
Now Torricelli was ready to prove his theory. He took a simple tube, open at one end, sealed at the other about three feet long. He filled it to the top with mercury. Then he placed one figer over the empty end of the tube and carefulu so that it might not breat frome the weight of the mercury within turned it upside down and plungedfinger and tube end into an open therug partly filled with mercury.
He remobved his finger and let the mercurar inside the tube from into contact with the mercury outside. This was the ccrucial test. Would the mercury inside the tube run into the trough or would it be held inside bye the atmospheric pressure down upon the outside surface?
The mercury level within the tube dropped, then came to rest at a height of approximatel 0 inches abouve the lever of the mercury in the trought. The experiment must of had a soaring moment triumph, for there before his eyes utterly indifferent to the horrible vacuum above it stood the mercury at 1/ 1.6 of the heitght to which water could be made to rise in a pump tube!
Reaserch
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure is defined at the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of the air above that surgace. In the drawing belwo ythe air pressure at point x increases as the weight of the air above it increases and where the point x decreases iof the weight of the air above it also decreaseds
There fore their is less atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes.
tmosphieroic pressure is measured withe a barometer. Thats why it is alos called barmetic pressure.
Atmospheric pressure is measured in inches of merucry
Hg . Hg= 1 Atmosphere (atm) so a unit area of one spuare inch at sea level on square inch unit of air above the unit area weighs on an average,14.7 pounds per square inch.
Atmospheric pressure and Height the number of air molecules abovce the surface cannges as the height of the surface avocve the ground canges. For expample there are fewer air molecules above the fifty kilometyer surface then are found avove the tywelve km surface. since the number of air molecules abvove a surface decreased withe height pressure alos decreases whth height. Most of the atmospheres molecules are held close to the earths surface by gravity. Theis results in air pressure decreasing rapidly at first then more slowly at grader altitudes.
Density
Density is the mass of an object divided by its volume. its ezperessed in grams per cubic centimers or g/cm pounds per cubic foot lb/ ft. A liquids mass is found by firs weighing an empyy beaker then weighinhg the beaker with the liquid in it the svtracting the weight from ythe full weight
Density = mass divided by volume or D=m/v
Volume
Volume is the length toimes the width ttimes the height of an object. The volume of a liquid is expressed in milliiers
Volume = lenght times with times height or V=lx w x h
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