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Before icons, there had to be those who paved the way. They are the ones we should thank for the stars of today and yesteryear. These men faced extreme racism and adversity so that people of today would know such athletes as Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods and Jim brown.
Jackie Robinson broke major league baseballs color barrier over 50 years ago, but he wasnt the first black to play in the majors. In 1884, the Toledo Blue Stockings of the American Association had two black players Moses Fleetwood Walker and his brother Welday. Although Welday appeared in just five games, Moses shared catching duties, playing in 4 games and batting .6. Both players were gone the next year and no black appeared in organized baseball again until 146, when Robinson first played for the Brooklyn Dodgers Montreal farm team. A year later, he moved into the majors with the Dodgers.
Jack Roosevelt Robinson was the first player to break Major League Baseballs color barrier. Born in Cairo, Georgia, to a family of sharecroppers, he grew up in Pasadena California. His mother, Mallie Robinson, single-handedly raised Jackie and her four other children. They were the only black family on their block, and the prejudice they encountered only strengthened their bonds to each other.
In 145, there were few career opportunities open to a black man, even to those who had attended college. Jackie played one season in the Negro Baseball League, traveling all over the Midwest with the Kansas City Monarchs. In 147, when Jackie Robinson first donned a Brooklyn Dodger uniform, he pioneered the integration of professional athletics in America. By breaking the color barrier in baseball, the nations number one sport, he courageously challenged the deeply rooted custom of racial segregation in both the North and the South.
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At the end of Robinsons rookie season with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 147, he had become National League Rookie of the Year with 1 homers, a league-leading steals, and a .7 average. In 14, he was selected as the N.L. Most Valuable player of the Year and also won the batting title with a .4 average that same year.
In 17, the world celebrated the 50th Anniversary of Jackie Robinson breaking Major League Baseballs color barrier. In doing so, we honored the man who stood defiantly against those who would work against racial equality and acknowledged the profound influence of one mans life on the American culture. To some, Jackie Robinsons life and legacy will be remembered as one of the most important in American history.
Charles Follis played professional football in 104 for a pro team known as the Shelby Blues and Fritz Pollard played in 10 for the Akron Pros. In the modern era, well-known pro teams didnt have black players until 146. That year, two of Jackie Robinsons former teammates at UCLA, Kenny Washington and Woody Strode, broke the barrier for the Los Angeles Rams, while Marion Motley and Bill Willis played for the Cleveland Browns later in 146.
Follis and Pollard paved the way for Hall of Fame fullback Jim Brown. Considered by many the greatest running back in history, Brown was also an exceptional all-around athlete. As a teen-ager, he turned down an offer to play baseball in the New York Yankee organization and, after graduating from Syracuse University, he turned down $150,000 to become a professional fighter. While in high school, he once jogged over from a pre-game lacrosse to win the high jump in a track meet.
In his senior year in high school in Manhasset, Long Island, he averaged 8 points a game in basketball and 14. yards per carry as a football player. He was an All-American in both lacrosse and football and he also started at center in basketball for three years at Syracuse. In his last regular season football game, he scored 4 points against Colgate, and he had 1 in Syracuses 8-7 loss to Texas Christian in the 157 Cotton Bowl.
Brown joined the NFLs Cleveland Browns in 157 and was named rookie of the year after gaining 4 yards on 0 carries. He set a single-game record of 7 yards against the Los Angeles Rams, scoring 4 touchdowns, that season.
During the next eight seasons, Brown rushed for more than 1,000 yards seven times, falling short by only 4 yards in 16. He led the league in rushing every season he played except 16, when he was edged out by Jim Taylor of the Green Bay Packers. Brown also led in rushing touchdowns from 157 through 15, in 16, and in 165.
An all-pro from 157 through 161 and from 16 through 165, Brown was named the UPI player of the year in 158, 16, and 165.
While making a movie during the summer of 166, Brown made the surprising announcement that he was retiring from football to concentrate on acting. He was just thirty years old. In his 8 seasons, he rushed ,5 times for 1,1 yards, a 5. average, and rushed for 106 touchdowns. He also caught 6 passes for ,4 yards and 0 touchdowns and returned kickoffs for 648 yards, a . average.
The first black player drafted by an NBA team was Chuck Cooper, picked in the second round of the 150 draft by the Boston Celtics. In the eighth round of the draft, Washington chose Earl Lloyd of West Virginia State. At about the same time, the New York Knicks signed Nat ``Sweetwater Clifton from the Harlem Globetrotters. Lloyd made his debut on Oct. 1, 150, becoming the first black to play in an NBA game. Cooper made his debut a day later. Clifton, the first to sign a contract, played his first game on Nov. 4, 150.
Michael Jordan, the best known athlete in the world, is a leading scorer in the National Basketball Association, who led the Chicago Bulls to many recent NBA championships. He is, by far, and will be for a time to come, the best basketball player in the history of the game. Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Wilmington, North Carolina. He accepted a basketball scholarship from the University of North Carolina and as a freshman scored the winning basket in the 18 NCAA championship game against Georgetown. Jordan was selected college player of the year for the 18-184 season, and in 184 he led the United States basketball team to a gold medal at the Olympic Games in Los Angeles.
Jordan left college in 184 to play with the Bulls. He finished his first season as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of 8. points per game. He was also named rookie of the year and made the first of his nine All-Star game appearances. Jordan finished the 186-187 season as the second player, after Wilt Chamberlain, to score more than 000 points in a single season. He led the NBA in scoring from 187-1, tying Chamberlains record, and averaged more than 0 points per game in each season. He also became the Bulls all-time leading scorer and set numerous scoring records, including most points in a playoff game and highest scoring average for an NBA championship series. He led the Chicago Bulls to their first NBA championship title in 11; with Jordan, the Bulls won again in 1 and 1. In addition to his three league Most Valuable Player awards, Jordan has won the All-Star game MVP award twice and a record three-consecutive NBA championship series MVP awards. Jordan was also a member of the United States Olympic basketball team, known as the Dream Team, which captured the gold medal at the 1 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Stating that he had lost his desire to play professional basketball, Jordan announced his retirement prior to the 1-14 season. Initially noted for his scoring, his tenacious defensive play had made him one of the greatest all-around basketball players in NBA history. He had also become a worldwide celebrity due to his success in the NBA and the Olympics, and his numerous commercial endorsements.
Jordan ended his retirement from professional basketball by rejoining the Bulls near the end of the 14-15 NBA regular season. In the 15-16 season he enjoyed another great year, leading the NBA in scoring with 0.4 points per game and being named league MVP. The Bulls also became the first NBA team to win 70 games in a season, finishing with 7 victories, and they went on to win the NBA championship title. Jordan was named MVP of the NBA finals, becoming the first player to earn the honor four times.
Before Tiger Woods, John Shippen played in the second U.S. Open at Shinnecock Hills in 186 and was in the Open six times, ending in 11. No African American played in the Open again until Ted Rhodes in 148. Although the USGA did not bar blacks, it had difficulty finding courses for qualifying tournaments that allowed them. The Professional Golf Association lifted its ``Caucasian clause in 161 and Charlie Sifford was the first black to receive tour playing privileges. On April 1, 17, two days short of the 50th Anniversary of Jackie Robinsons major league debut, Tiger Woods became the first African American to win the Masters Tournament in Augusta, Ga.
Born on December 0, 175, Woods grew up in Cypress, California, 5 miles southeast of Los Angeles. He was not out of the crib before he took an interest in golf, at age 6 months, watching as his father hit golf balls into a net and imitating his swing. He appeared on the Mike Douglas Show at age , putting with Bob Hope. He shot 48 for nine holes at age and was featured in Golf Digest at age 5. He won the Optimist International Junior tournament six times at ages 8, , 1, 1, 14 and 15.
Tiger played in his first professional tournament in 1, at age 16, the Nissan Los Angeles Open and in three more PGA TOUR events in 1. He made the 6-hole cut and tied for 4th place in the 14 Johnnie Walker Asian Classic in Thailand, and had three additional PGA TOUR appearances. He entered Stanford University in 14 and in two years he won 10 collegiate events, concluding with the NCAA title. His other amateur victories included the 14 Western Amateur. He represented the United States in the 14 World Amateur Team Championships in France and the 15 Walker Cup Match in Wales.
He played his first major championships in 15, making the 6-hole cuts in the Masters and the British Open, but had to withdraw from the U.S. Open because of an injured wrist. He played in three more major championships in 16, making the cuts in two. After missing the cut in the Masters, he led the U.S. Open after 1 holes of the first round before finishing tied for 8nd place. Tiger posted a 81 total to tie the record for an amateur in the British Open, and his 66 in the second round equaled the lowest ever by an amateur. He tied for nd place.
Amongst the honors received as an amateur, Woods was Golf Digest Player of the Year in 11 and 1, Golf World Player of the Year in 1 and 1, Golfweek National Amateur of the Year in 1, Golf World Man of the Year in 14, and he was chosen for the Fred Haskins and Jack Nicklaus College Player of the Year awards in 16.
The week after winning his third U.S. Amateur title, Woods played his first tournament as a professional in the Greater Milwaukee Open. It was one of only seven events left in 16 for him to finish among the top 15 money winners and earn a players card for the PGA TOUR. He went on to win two tournaments and place among the top 0 money winners qualifying for the Tour Championship. He finished 5th with $70,54 and won $40,40 for the year worldwide in 11 tournaments. He was the first rookie since 10 to win twice and the first player since 18 to have five consecutive top-five finishes.
Woods won four PGA TOUR events in 17, plus one overseas, and was the leading money winner with a then-record $,066,8. He won $,440,81 worldwide in 5 events.
He achieved number one on the Official World Golf Ranking for the most rapid progression ever to that position. In his 4nd week as a professional, Woods became the youngest-ever number one golfer at age 1 years, 4 weeks. The previous youngest was Bernhard Langer, age years, 1 weeks in 186.
In 18 Woods won one event on the PGA TOUR, and three times overall. He was fourth on the money list with $1,841,117 and earned $,7,006 worldwide in 6 events.
In 1, Woods won eight times on the PGA TOUR, including the PGA Championship, and earned $6,616,585. He had a margin of $,74,67 over runner-up David Duval, a figure greater than the previous single-year PGA TOUR record.
Woods won 5 percent of all the prize money he could have won and won 8 percent more than the runner-up. This was the highest margin since Byron Nelson in 145 and Hogan in 146. He was the first to have as many as eight PGA TOUR victories in one year since Johnny Miller won eight in 174.
Tiger won four consecutive PGA TOUR events to end 1 and started 000 with two more victories for a total of six in succession. He had to come from behind for the fifth and sixth victories. He played the last three holes in four under par at the Mercedes Championships, then defeated Els in a playoff with a 40-foot birdie putt. He trailed Matt Gogel by seven strokes with seven holes left in the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am, then played the last four holes in four under par to win by two strokes. There has been only one longer winning streak, Nelsons 11 consecutive wins in 145.
Woods won five times on the PGA TOUR in 001 and eight times worldwide. He won five times on the PGA TOUR again in 00 and seven times worldwide, and was the PGA Tour’s leading money winner for the fourth consecutive year with $6,1,65.
Sports Illustrated selected Woods as the 16 and 000 Sportsman of the Year. He was the first to win that award more than once. The Associated Press chose Woods as the Male Athlete of the Year for 17, 1 and 000. He and Michael Jordan are the only athletes to win that award three times. The founding members of the World Sports Academy, in voting for the Laureus Sports Awards, also selected Tiger as 1 and 000 World Sportsman of the Year.
Woods was selected as 17, 1 and 000, and 001 Player of the Year by the PGA TOUR, the PGA of America, and the Golf Writers Association of America. His adjusted scoring average in 000 of 67.7 strokes was the lowest ever � breaking his record of 68.4 in 1 and earned the Byron Nelson Award on the PGA TOUR and the Vardon Trophy from the PGA of America. He also had an actual scoring average in 000 of 68.17 strokes, breaking Nelson’s record of 68. strokes in 145.
In a time and country where racism and prejudice ran rampant, few men still had the courage to fight on. The paved the way for todays top athletes whether they be minority or not. They would be proud to see the progress that the country has made
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